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Description
Benatae is a municipality in the province of Jaén that is located in the centre of the Sierra de Segura. With 44.4 km2and 574 inhabitants, the smallest of the municipalities of this saw.
Its urban core is located at the foot of the mountain Peñalta. And everything its term is included in the Natural Park of the Sierra de Cazorla, Segura and Las Villas.
Economic activity depends on the olive tree Although most of its term is forestry. Tourism has not arrived to this area, so it draws attention to the tranquility and silence of its streets and permanent contact with nature. This is a real luxury that contrasts with the pollution, noise and haste of the large urban cores.
Its municipal term is divided into two enclaves: the mainwhich concentrates most of the area of the term and where the municipal capital is located; and Toril- Hornico Canyon Room, to the southeast of the previous and already at the limit of the term of Siles.
The municipality of Benatae has four urban centres: Benatae (with 522 inhabitants), The Sources (41 inhabitants), Honda Bridge (11 inhabitants) and La Sierra (0 inhabitants).
Of historical interest is the parish church of Our Lady of the Assumptionbuilt between the 15th and 18th centuries, under the Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque styles. The Cardete castle, of Islamic origin.
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Culture
Its historical and monumental heritage highlights:
- Church of Our Lady of the Assumption: It's the most important of Benatae's buildings. The temple responds to the sacred Levine architecture, which could be due to the fact that, during the period of configuration of its factory, it belonged to the kingdom of Murcia, a situation that lasted until the suppression of the Military Order of Santiago. Construction started in the 15th century and ends in the XVII, which causes architectural elements of the Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque styles to exist. The cover, next to the epistle, is of sillery, with a half-point arc with convexa molding through the intrados. It is framed in a potter that rests on Gothic moldings. The tower of irregular silery has a characteristic form: it is quadrangular and three times longer than widewith holes at the ends for the bells. The plant is of a central ship in the form of a rectangle divided into three sections. The presbyterium appears behind a pointed chest arc. The altarpieceIn the wood, it is organized in three streets and in the central one is found the image of the Immaculate in a furnace.
- Cardete Castle: In the Islamic era, Benatae would have as a refuge the nearby fortress of Cardete. The enclosure is an irregular trapezoidal construction, with a troncopyramidal tower on the lower side reaching 14 m high. It was declared Good of Cultural Interest in 1985.
Other monuments:Semicircular bullring square, where in addition to the cobblestones and taurina parties are held competitions of the characteristic game of the Sierra de Segura, the serrano bowling, a hermitage consecrated to San Ginés and in its municipal term the Castle of the Fuentes, declared Good of Cultural Interest.
Nature
The strategic geographical position of Begíjar, in an environment of great agricultural wealth, made its population possible from the most remote antiquity. The oldest remains are linked to the Final Neolithic and Copper Age (3rd millennium BC) in the settlement of Las Majadillas, and in the settlement a little later, of the Bronze Age, of Terrera del Goterón.
Parties and Events
The turnips look forward to the arrival of the following parties:
- San Ginés de la Jara: The feast of the patron, San Ginés de la Jara, the major feast of Benatae, and is celebrated of the day 22-25 August. The pattern is held as the protective saint who cured the herniates. Traditional are the cows' coins, which are run through the streets of the village. The cocks were brought from Orcera to the missing San Ginés hermitage, located at the entrance of the village. It was preceded by the banner of the brotherhood that ran in front of them.
- San Marcos: the 25 April, local town party. This day we consume the traditional hornazos and we usually go to the field to "scare the devil." The turnips spend the day in the area called "Fuentemarcos" (The fountain of San Marcos).
- San Isidro: on May 15, the farmers' guild celebrates their patron by taking the "crow," a traditional drink consisting of wine with water, sugar and fruit. They are usually done. "luminaires," bonfires with branches of rosemary, on the eve of some celebrations like San Antón, la Candelaria and San Blas.
Gastronomy
The gastronomy of Benatae has a common dish that accompanies many of its dishes, is the call "brave broth." The basic preparation of this dish consists of cooking a few spicy dry peppers and then soaking the spoon of the food to be accompanied by this broth.
It is a special accompaniment for flour or corn crumbs, serrano galians, gachas crumbs, or bread crumbs that are usually accompanied by fried chorizo, orza loin, torreznos and fried dry peppers.
A dish of the town are the "scallops"in which the very fine strips of flour are cooked in a stew of potatoes, tomato, pepper, onion, garlic and sweet pepper, with a touch of peppermint. The rags can carry hare or cod if they are made for Lent time.
On Easter, the "panets" accompany the cod vigil potage. The "panets" are made of bread miga, very chopped parsley, saffron in strands, garlic, pepper, salt and beaten egg. With all this, a mass is made which, being thrown into very hot oil, will go golden and form the "panets."
The turnips have not lost the custom, with all the pitancers, of the killing of the pigAnd there are many families that make their own chacinas that will be giving good account for the rest of the year.
History
It is not known when the first occupation occurred in the territory of Benatae, although it must not be ruled out that in very old phases of the Stone Age There would have been some population. In the Eagle cavein the cortijo of Los Lagartos, located almost a thousand meters above sea level, as from there come some microlytes, small pieces of silex.
They've been found. ceramic remains at the end of the Iberian stage in the Cerro del Castillo of the Cortijo de las Fuentes. Surely, as in other areas of the Guadalimar Valley, the calls were extended to one and the other side of the river. "Roman villae"whose inhabitants lived from the cultivation of the land.
In the Islamic era it must have been a village and its name seems to be of Arab or Berber origin. Like the village of Benatae, there would be others who had as refuge the castle of Cardete, constituting a district, an organizational structure that was widespread in Al-Andalus.
Although Benatae does not appear cited in the populations conquered by Fernando IIIIt must have been busy. between 1,226 and 1,242, at the same time as most of the Sierra de Segura. It would later be ceded by the king to the Military Order of Santiago.
From this date on the population continued to grow, and 1.415, King John II gives him the title of villa.
In the following five centuries, the history of Benatae has been linked to the kingdom of Murcia, the Order of Santiago, the General Assembly of Castile and the bishopric of Cartagena. The population of the town will increase to 1,538 in the year 1,950.
From this date, the Economic hardship who suffered the region for much of the Franco, and migrationThey're in the causes of the beginning of depopulation that starts to notice.
The current economy is based on agricultural orientation, on the cultivation of cereals, corn, hemp, wine and oil. In addition to this, the breeding of the cattle, the hunting and the logging of wood on the mountain, become its productive reference points.
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