Our goal is to see one of the most spectacular oak trees in the Park, where we will see large, very large oak trees and a forest of tale. Give the place where we left the car, we continue on foot on the track about 6 km. The rise is easy and uncomplicated.

We'll get to a crossroads, we'll follow right. A little higher, a source is intuited under an oak. For that place, to the right of the track and above the source we will find large copies of oak, although in reality we have been walking through a magnificent oak for a long time. The crossing of the track is where the old forest house of the Fountain del Roble was. This is where the burning reaches all its magnificence.

In this forest dominated by the oak we find some other complaint (Quercus faginea), serbals (Sorbus domestica), pespejones (Sorbus torinlis), majuelos (Crataegus monogina), skirmishes (Rosa spp.), laureolas (Daphne laureola), thorns (Berberis vulgaris australis), torvizcos (Daphne gidium), peonies or mountain roses (Paeonia broteroi), orchids (Orchis, the dominant, Chiphiphipis, and the contiguera (Ophanacteria), and the domineas.

In our saws we can see many oak forests. For example, on the rise to Santiago de la Sword from Tobos, on the Esperilla, before Fuente Steel, or on the access track to the Pegueras. The name of engraving has meant Mediterranean forest, but the matter is not so simple.

Rather, we should say that burning is a phase of the Mediterranean forest. The lauroid forest, which we discussed elsewhere, is also Mediterranean forest. In any case, the engraving does exist as such, in addition to the fact that its main component, the encin (Quercus ilex ballota), is in almost all the plant formations of the Park, with the exception of the summits and the cold deciduous forests, of the high mountain.

LOCATION

From Coto Ríos we take the road A-319 towards the Tranco and less than a kilometer away to the right towards the campsite of the Llanos de Arance. We overcome it and follow it (the road becomes a forest track), until it reaches the control of Aguamula. As we pass it we follow the track to the left, discarding another one to the right, from here we will travel the right margin of the Tranco reservoir. We take the first detour to be presented to our right at 2.1 km from the above control. It is a great crossing where the track is widened and where we must turn to our right making a closed curve that places us almost 180º to the sense of our march. This is the track that goes up to Majalalto, passing through the Fountain del Roble. In that place we left the vehicle, as the track is closed to traffic with a chain.

It is an elongated plateau in the north-south-west sense that presents in all directions abrupt slopes. It has dimensions of 500 meters on its longest axis, about 270 meters on the narrowest side and an area of about 10 hectares.

Archaeologists especially highlight their landscape values with an indigenous vegetation of oak and other species of the Mediterranean mountain.

The site has been the subject of some limited archaeological interventions and the general lines of a Master Plan to address the comprehensive treatment of the site from research and protection to dissemination and value, even though only progress was made in this regard.

The realization in Cabeza Baja of an emergency excavation in 1986, motivated by the increase and extension of the archaeological expolio, offered a series of key archaeological data to define the entity of the site. The data obtained in the excavation indicate that the oppidum of Cabeza Baja de Encina Hermosa is founded between the end of the third century BC and the mid-second century and develops a population that must follow the typical Iberian urbanism of the Alto Guadalquivir.

The first continued occupation of Cabeza Baja (early S.II and final of the S.III BC) was probably by contingents of tubular origin arrived from Obulco, although no other nuclei such as Iponoba, Tucci or even the Iberian nuclei of Alcalá la Real should be excluded. The excavations pointed to the existence of various structures; the existence of an Iberian wall around the plateau was demonstrated. The thickness of the wall can be estimated at 3 meters.

The finding of a level of fire was identified as a possible cause of the abandonment of these units.

The reservoir is mainly nourished by the waters of the Guadalquivir, it has almost 500 cubic meters of capacity and 1500 hectares of surface. Much of it was previously occupied by the beautiful Vega de Hornos and the Guadalquivir valley.

We suggest...

The Tranco road is usually quite busy on dates of greater tourist influx, so, if you really want to enjoy the landscape, do not agree to look at it from the car and stop for a while at the dam or at some viewpoint, as usual. Our advice is: walk. On the right bank, you have several forest tracks, as well as the circular signposted path PR-A 149, which begins very close to the village of Fuente la Higuera. On the left, there are two signposted paths: the PR-A 193, which starts 1.1 km from the Tranco dam to the north, and a stretch of the GR-144, which is taken halfway between the Hornos de Segura and Cañada Morales, in a pronounced curve. In addition, in the environment of the reservoir you will not find many earrings.

The useful capacity of the reservoir is 163 hm ³, although its total capacity is 175 hm ³ this is reduced due to the filling of sediments in the background.

Its main tributary is the Guadalén River, which is born to the south of the Montiel Field and crosses Sierra Morena, also highlighting the contribution of the Dañador and Montizón rivers to the main tributary.

Other smaller tributaries that pour their waters on the swamp, or on the Guadalén River before being repressed, are the streams of Galapagar, Oilla, the Navas, the Herrerías and Madriscal, among others.

The Vadamojón Embalse was built to manage the irrigation and ecological flow of the present rivers. It is one of the most important in the Guadalquivir basin, its waters being clear, fresh and with great ecological potential. The landscape of the basin is characterized by its wavy elevations of soft slopes. Its sweet and splattering waters come, among other sources, from the Víboras and San Juan rivers.

Since its implementation in 1997, Vadomojón has become one of the most important free fishing or competition scenarios in both the Sierra Sur region and the Campiña de Baena region in the province of Córdoba.

Vadomojón is a recent reservoir of transparent waters capable of hosting important populations of those fish such as the barbo that inhabited the waters of the Guadaljoz River before the construction of the dam. Other species present are the cachuelo, the boga, the fangs, the tent, the black lubine or the rainbow trout.

A wide variety of fishing methods and techniques can be used in Vadomojón, such as coup, bolognese, English, light or artificial fishing.

One of the most frequent fishing areas in Vadomojón is Caldera, which is accessed by the Víboras River.

Along with the fish, there are birds like flamingos and royal garzas

The Siles dam, which was completed in 2015, receives its water from the Gualimar River and the Carrizas River.
It is a reservoir that receives its water from the Guadalimar River and the Carrizas River, located close to its head and belonging to the Guadalquivir Hydrographic Confederation.

The reservoir is almost entirely the municipal term of Siles (Jaén), although it enters approximately 500 meters in the term of Villaverde de de Guadalimar. It is named after Dam de Siles, when the dam is found in the municipality of the same nomenclature.

The reservoir has an extension of 21.1 ha, with a capacity to store 30 hm ³ of water. The type of dam is from Arc Gravity and was completed in 2015.