This diversity is conditioned by its irregular topography from the 400 m of Fuente Álamo to the 1.553 m of the peak of La Martina, as well as by the pronounced dominant climatology, with temos peratures that ascend to the 35 ° C du rante the months of vera no and descend to the -6 ° C in winter.

It is important to highlight forms such as Los Tajos, impressive cut and rocky, under which the natural vegetation is served, as a sign of what at one time were the Mediterranean bays of the southern Iberian Peninsula, species such as the oak (Quercus rotundifolia) and the whim (Quercus faginea) dominate the arboreum stratum and others like the peonies (Poeoni broteroi), madreselvas (Lonicera implexa), majuelos (Crataegus monogytoo, or the forest, etc.).

In these enclaves, and developing on the limestone walls, we can find an ende- same plant from the south of the Iberian Peninsula from which only 22 populations of Andalusia have been found and is listed as in danger of extinction, the Saetica Sarcopacnos subsp. Baetica.

As for the fauna that we can find in this ecosystem, from birds such as the vulgar cernicalo (Falco tinnunculus), gratilla (Corvus mone-du / o), piquirroja (Pymhocorax pyrrohocorax), crows (Corvus corax), red roquero (Monticola saxatilis), etc. We can also observe the occasional passage of some perdicular eagle couple (Hieraaetus fasciatus), the migration of the leonate vultures (Gyps fulvus) and other birds found in the forest area such as the boy owl (As / o otus), the real red colirar (Phien / curus phoen / curus), the oropen (On'o / us or / us), etc.

There is also a great diversity of wild mammals in this area that seek refuge in this enclave, although they are species that are difficult to observe, we can detect their presence based on prints and other records, species such as the Garduña (Tuesday foina), Gin (Genettagenetta), badger (Meles meles) and a large number of microfuels that act as the basis of the trophic chain.

It is also interesting to discover the area of Los Llanos, a large plateau where the tree vegetation is absent and where the number of stone or majano accumulations that give the territory a lunar look stand out.

Despite their yerma appearance, the Llanos have high biodiversity and possibilities for observing wildlife. The flora is characterized by the abundance of aromatic species such as lavandas (Lavandula), rosemary (Rosamrinus officinalis), tomi llos (Thymus) etc and fauna, we find a large number of birds linked to this type of large and unequipped ecosystems of arboreal vegetation such as the common cogujada (Calerida cristata), the montesina cogujada (Calenda íeck / oe), the chitovia (Lullulina arbórea), the calandria (Melanocorypha cala), the common (Saxacarus), the (Saguluus párama), the (La páribana (Párárágina), the (La párágina), the (Página), the common (La página), the

The South Sierra de Jaén, which obtained the Starligth Reserve certificate in 2014, retains the natural lighting and nocturnal conditions of the night sky intact. It is also a space where a commitment has been made to the defence of the quality of the night sky, access to the light of the stars and the different associated values.

The main building, about 70 square meters, houses the multi-purpose room and library, observatory control room, small kitchen, toilet and archive.

To the north of the main building and completely independent, is the observatory itself. The lower floor serves as a storage room for the various instrumentation and accessories of the telescopes and has a small workshop for the repairs.

The 4-meter-in-diameter Scope Dome dome, installed on the top, has a Meade S / C LX200-ACF GPS telescope of 0.30 meters of opening at f / 10, in an equatorial fork mount, supported by an independent rigid column.

The whole of the Andalusian Observatory of Astronomy: Dome, telescope as well as its battery of accessories and instrumentation can be operated remotely from anywhere.

On the terrace of the control room there is a weather station specially designed for use in an astronomical observatory and an AllSky automatic camera for meteor detection.

Location:To the west of the town, in the foothills of the mountain set of the South Sierra.
Distance:7 km.

Medium:Tourism vehicle.

Access route:Taking the road leading to the Hoya del Salobral.

From the Nava del Espino there are roads that lead you to the highest peaks of the Sierra de Cazorla, among which are the Poyos de la Mesa. It is a very recommended route by the views on the Guadalquivir that from this plancie you can reach.

If you stop your way in this place you can enjoy the landscape and if you are at the right time it will be easy to see some go feeding on their meadows.

About 2 km from the Navy following the track you brought, and on the left there is a recreational area next to the Fountain of the Garganta. An ideal place to rest and restore strength.

In Cazorla take the Sierra road (A-319) until the crossing known as the Empalme del Valle. Turn right on the JF-7092 road and after passing the bridge over the Guadalquivir River (4 km from the Empalme) follow the left track (JF-7091). In the km 21 of the road signs is the Nava del Espino.

The birth of the Segura River is a penetrable siphon, with an explored length of 354 meters and a 17 meters gap. The exploration of this cavity was carried out by spelebuchers of the Madrid Standard Group during the 1979 and 1980 years, carrying out an important work of disobstruction within the siphon. (G.E. STANDARD, 1980) The emergence is located at the bottom of a blind valley in the foothills of the Sierra de Segura near the population of Pontones. It is a flooded gallery where three air bubbles are located at about 100, 160 and 255 m from the mouth.

Source: Inventory of Georresources of Andalusia. Environmental Council. Junta de Andalusia.

Natural area of great beauty of water and tiled wires that invite to relax, turned into a recreational area, magnificent enclave to spend a pleasant day of countryside surrounded by nature, enjoy the environment, rest under the dense tree grove or take some hiking route. The space has a magnificent road with banks, tables, stationery, a small bar, children's playground and a large parking lot. This area attracts thousands of visitors from many municipalities, some very far away.

From the same pozas of the Nacimiento, a channel known by the neighbors by "el Caz," that allows to water the orchards of the river along several kilometres, and that rejoins the river in the village, next to the Roman bridge of Triana, where the permits for the fishing stop "El Carrizal," whose upper section is the same Birth of the San Juan River, were issued. The nearest pool to the river was used for the release of trout and fishing for both people with reduced mobility and children, learning the values and techniques needed to manage themselves within this sport and get their own catches (there is a children's fishing school in the town in the summer, taking advantage of school holidays).

The fishing ground was about 4 km. where roads have been enabled, making many parts of the banks practicable and facilitating the formation of pokes, where fish can find better shelter and more water.

Fishing could also be practiced in the Valdepeñas Bridge, where one of the most remarkable pozas of the fishing ground is formed, both by the number of trout and by the quality of the trout. The environment of Nacimiento del Río San Juan is characterized by a typical Mediterranean landscape, with the oak and the coscoja as protagonists. Other plants present are the lentif, the white jara, the thyme and the rosemary, but, without a doubt, the white lamo is the most abundant species in the Birth and on the river bank. In this we can see fertile gardens that make up the "Vega castillera," which acquires its maximum splendor in spring with the flowering of the cherry trees, very abundant in the area, irrigated from the very pods of the birth by "the Caz" mentioned above.

This area, owned by the City Council, houses a multitude of outdoor physical activities.

It is one of the most cuddly and important springs in Sierra Magina, being the pride of the shrubs. Although water sprouts through limestone rocks and liasic dolomies of an aquifer, it has a marked saline character because it arises in the breast of margas with triasic plaster.

The waters of the birth are collected in an artificial construction raft that stores them and leads by a system of waterfalls that runs throughout the village.

Next to the birth is one of the four power plants that used the waters of the river for the production of electricity.
This beautiful area is conditioned with a meringero area that allows visitors to enjoy a picnic in a unique natural environment.

The river course is channeled in a multitude of waterfalls that give wealth to the land of the municipality and irrigate many hectares of land. Previously it gave impetus to flour and oil mills, while it is currently used for the irrigation of the olive tree, true economic engine of the area.

The space has a magnificent road with barbecues, banks, tables, stationery, a small bar and children's playground, where you can spend a pleasant day surrounded by nature and where you can take advantage of the freshness of the place and the shadows of the trees.

In the birth of the Arbuniel you can see ducks and river crabs, which inhabit in its channel thanks to the great amount of lime of its waters, and abundant trout.

The "official" birth of the Guadalquivir River has been placed under a plaque that reproduces a poem by the brothers Alvarez Quintero. But, in the strict sense, the sources of Guadalquivir are found in the spacious honnada of the Cañada de las Fuentes. In this place there are several streams that come down from the nearby mountains: that of the Teatines, that of the Cold John or the stream of Light among others.

The place has overcome moments of intense tourist pressure and today, with a more appropriate public use order, we are presented with clean and sensitive, so our visit must be at all times silent and respectful.

From the Cañada de las Fuentes you are a step away from enjoying some of the most striking routes in the area.

We suggest...

• Up to the peak of Cabañas, at whose foot is a forest track in acceptable condition, about 10 km. Following the track that goes to Pozo Alcón from the birth we arrive, after 2.5 km, to the pine of the three crosses. Here begins the track that goes up to this proud viewpoint of the Sierra del Pozo.

• Walk by the Cañada de la Fuente. About a mile from the forest house of the same name, a road to the right begins surrounded by majuelos and maples, with some of the largest specimens of pine larice of the Park. On the way it is easy to observe we, even muflons in the lapiaz on the right, as well as millennia tejos

• Continue two kilometers along the track that goes up to Pozo Alcón and, 300 meters before the pine of the three crosses, take the left road to the Prados de Navahondona.

From Cazorla you can reach the Sierra road, A319. In the Empalme del Valle we will see an indication of the birth to the right, and follow that direction for 4 km until you find a bridge over the Guadalquivir. As we pass the bridge we turn right to the Bridge of Herrerías. From here, without leaving the main road, there are 11 km to the Birth.

This is a set of karmic developments, among which is the one located on a vertical wall of a river cannon excavated in jurassic limestone. The latter is the one historically considered "the birth of the Guadalquivir River." However the river is fed by all the streams and births that are located somewhat above in the so-called "Cañada de las Fuentes."

Source: Inventory of Georresources of Andalusia. Environmental Council. Junta de Andalusia.