After walking through this pine tree and returning to the track we have accessed, if we look south, the clear days look perfectly Sierra Nevada and looking north the Gualay valley opens. The track opens through the rocky moles of the Cabañas peak and the lastras of the Cagasebo rope.

This forest is dominated by the salgarean pine (Pinus nigra salzmannii), which is sometimes accompanied by maple (Acer granatense), mustard (Sorbus aria) and whine (Quercus faginea), and in the sotoquela by rastera savines (Juniperus sabina), rake juniperus (Juniperus communis hemisphaerica), thorns (Berberis vulgaris australis), tirelles (Prunus postrata), enamubios (a), and other species (the celium (a), as well as the celium (a), and the celibelium (a), and the celium (a).

The name that has always been known in these saws to this pine is that of Salgareño. The etymology of his name is as beautiful as the pine itself; salgareño comes from sarga, a vulgar name with which several willows are known. It alludes to the fine and slender of the branches, as does the pine bear when young, slender and right. By this slender and fine figure, the ancient inhabitants of the saws baptized this pine of the high mountain of Serrana as Salgareño.

We access Puerto Llano on the track from the birth of the Guadalquivir to Pozo Alcón. Puerto Llano is the highest point of the track, where we are surrounded by a splendid pine pine pines, called salgareños in these saws.

The main attraction of this forest track is the carrasco pine forest that crosses, under which a closed forest of oak, madroños and doves grows. In addition, just as the village of Puentehonda appears before us, we see on the right, on the same road, two gigantic and venerable examples of carrasco pine, which are included in the Inventory of Singular Trees of Andalusia with the names of Pino de los Barrilos de Puentehonda and Pino del Cerro Bucentaina and respectively. The latter is 32 m high and 4.5 m in diameter at its base.

If of any pine you can say is Mediterranean, this is the carrasco pine (Pinus halepensis). Its same vernacular name indicates hardness, as it is a tree that colonizes rocky, arid grounds, stony and sunny slopes, where no other tree can live. Because of its capacity to hold in dry periods (it survives with less than 300 mm of rain per year) and its colonizing capacity of degraded and dry areas, it extends through much of the Park, from its basal areas to 1600 m of altitude. This pine has been, next to the Salgareño, one of the most planted pine trees in the mountains of these saws. Where the aridity is noted, a tree plants it face: our carrasco pine.

The normal thing in the composition of this forest is to find an arbustive stratum characteristic of the serial phases of the Mediterranean forest, usually of initial phases, but also with an arbustive stratum of more advanced phases in the process of plant succession. This is how we find pineapples with rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), lentils (Pistacia lenticus), cornicabras (Pistacia terebinthus), aliagas (Genista scorpius), jara morisca (Cistus salvifolius), juniperus oxicedrus (juniperus oxicedrus). fumans (fumana thymifolia), asparagus (Asparragus acutifolius). There are also numerous aromatic plants, such as ejanas (Thymus masticina) and omilos (Thymus orospedanus, Thymus zigis), but a species that almost always accompanies the carrion pines is the spartum (Stypa tenacsima).

LOCATION

Start of the tour in the Recreative Area of La Peña del Olivar, on the road from Siles to Las Azeas. It's marked PR-A 175. This route, of just under 5 km, runs along a narrow forest track that we recommend to walk. The first kilometer is quite steep, but the rest is barely at a level.

If you go through the fertile vein on which the Ojuelo sits, you will reach the Robledo right at the feet of the Yelm. A long street with houses on both sides leads us to a small square with a hermitage and a little higher a forest house, which will be the headquarters of a Thematic Air Space starring free flight sports, as the take-off of the Yelmo is very close.

The Robledo marks at 900 meters of altitude the cut between the cultivation of the olive tree and the pine tree. By going through a forest track you can climb up to the Yelmo, making a stop at a lookout next to the track that offers spectacular views over the valley.

The landscape is determined by human perception and is the result of the interaction of the elements of nature and man, then human action has conditioned the transformation of the natural landscape and the inclusion of cultural elements that give it value, so it is necessary to preserve and enhance them. We are therefore facing a natural resource that has allowed not only subsistence but also economic activity since man arrived on these lands.

It is now difficult to imagine what this spring and its immediate course would be like without that interaction by which human beings have created a laundry room, which is what we now see in the Birth, or downstream in the Matias and the Birth mills, in the Balsa, the Charcón, the Pileta and Arroyo launchers, or the numerous pools and the network of waterfalls for the irrigation of the place known as the "Site." At some point these infrastructures must have been created and we are likely to have to reassemble long before the repopulation of the Cabrilla Site. Today we will deal only with the environment closest to the Birth, so the relative to what we find downstream of this stream that so much life has spread since time immemorial will be part of the future of a new post.

To try to imagine what those places were like not long ago, when they still fulfilled the task for which they were created, we counted, of course, on the impagable photographic work of Arturo Cerda and Rico, so that we can see in some of their photos also a certain evolution, is the case of the same spring in its natural state prior to its channelling, for not so long ago, until 1910, where today we see the seven years, there was only a plateau from which the crystal waters of the Sierra Cruzada were kept.

The Andalusian Legate has two open routes in this province. The Nazaris and the Caliphate represent unique opportunities to decipher the keys of our past. Both routes cross 24 locations. The route of the Caliphate - smaller - runs south of the province of Jaén, kissing three cities full of art, culture and history. Alcalá la Real. The route of the Nazaris, the most extensive, cuts the province in two, from Sierra Morena to Sierra Mágina, passing through the comarcas of La Campiña and La Loma. The route crosses twenty-one municipalities, including the provincial capital. Up to four hundred castles, fortresses, towers, fortified houses and surveillance towers spatter the route. The monumental heritage, landscapes, popular customs, handicrafts and gastronomy that Jaén has today are largely due to this refined civilization that made al- Andalus a paradise in the middle of the Middle Ages.

Andalui Legacy Tourist Website
www.legadoandalusi.es

Within the Cube we can consider up to four spatial and functional levels: At the lower level or ground floor, we find ourselves in front of a circular floor room of approximately 8 m in diameter with a half-orange vault with a height of approximately 10 m.

Due to this considerable height it could have been divided into several levels with structures and wooden entwels. The site available in these defence towers was so valuable that it took advantage of the smallest space for the storage of food, utensils and the shelter of people that the Order of Santiago kept under its protection.

The intermediate level or first floor is a circular room of smaller size because it contains the staircase access to the roof. It has a vault pointed on nerves where its intermediate cloth is also made of stone.

From the roof, we can see the plain where the Kurah was framed in the time of Al-Ándalus, this allowed the control of the four cardinal points against the fronts of advance.

It has a rectangular plant facing from northeast to southeast and a walled enclosure. The best preserved wall is the northeast, 18.70 meters long and 4 meters high in its highest corner. It consists of several rows of large-scale stones, on which a wall of tapial, now missing, would be raised. In its interior it retains a seam of regular armchairs, smaller than those of the outer wall, of 6.30 meters in length and 2 meters in width.

Although it dates from Iberian chronology, both ceramic decorated with Iberian ceramic bands andterra sigillataRoman, so you can deduce a continued occupation of the land; as well as medieval ceramics.

Its mission was to monitor and control the communication routes, as it is closely linked to the corridor of the Guadiana Minor River, which communicates the upper valley of Guadalquivir with the highlands of Guadix and Baza.

In 1985 it was declared Good of Cultural Interest.

It highlights its website where we find the various activities that can be developed and the publications of its cultural association.