The declaration of Historical set It is justified in 2005 by the presence of several monumental buildings in the old town, as well as by the medieval route.

We highlight the following monuments:

Civil architecture:

• Castle (12th and 13th centuries). The castle of Torredonjimeno was built by the Arabs to protect the population from a small rural house. It was a rectangular fortress, of medium size, which after the reconquest was widely reformed by the Order of Calatrava. The Fortaleza, of a mannerist style, is one of the most important monuments of the historical and archaeological heritage of Torredonjimeno. As a matter of curiosity, the castle served as an accommodation for Fernando III in one of his perils and, according to tradition, in the room of which he was Torre del Tribute, the commando of the Order of Calatrava wrote the first book of which the art of the bullfighting is recorded. From this book, printed in the 16th century, only one preserved copy is known in the Salamanca Library. At the end of the Middle Ages the castle became a church residence. Inside the compound we can see part of that 16th century palace house in which several of its dependencies are highlighted with polychrome potters of Mudejar style. After its restoration, the castle has become a cultural center in which much of the activity of Torredonjimeno is developed and which also houses the Visigode Treasury Interpretation Centre which was found in the surroundings of the municipality fortuitous in the early 20th century. Considered the second most important visible legacy of the Peninsula after the one found in Guarrazar (Toledo), its original pieces are today distributed by several Spanish museums. Declared Good of Cultural Interest with the type of Monument in 1985 (BOE 29 / 06 / 1985).

• San Sebastián Bridge. On one side of the missing Gate of Martos and on the other side with the pillar of the same name and it rises on the way of the Salado River.

• City Council (17th century, mannerist). Of elegant and proportionate facets, typical of the classicism of the 17th century. The facha is divided into two floors, the one below has in the center a cover and on the double sides of the intellized windows. The superior presents a gallery with 11 arches of half points supported on double columns. The open character of the gallery contrasts with the solid and sober underfloor in the style of the Italian palaces. Declared B.I.C. in 1983.

• Cube mill. It is a fortified flour mill that takes the name of the stream of the cube, is built by the Order of Calatrava in 1437. It is the largest and best preserved fortified mill built by the South Peninsular Military Orders. In this place, down to the river of the Cube, we find an area of high ecological and landscape value.

• Torres- Fortress. In the municipal term of Torredonjimeno there are numerous towers such as: Castle of the Fucovert, Castle of Torre Venzala and Castle of Torre Alcázar.

Religious architecture:

• Church of Santa Maria.Built in the early 16th century, in late Gothic style. It is a temple dedicated to the Mystery of the Immaculate Conception of Mary, of one ship, with two chapels on each side, flat tester and tower at the feet. The ship is divided into three sections, with star gothic vaults separated by pointed arches. The main facade, at the foot of the temple, stands out on the volume of the whole by the body of the torre-bell tower attached to the wall, has a small furnace flanked by two shields of the Order of Calatrava.

  The first extension of the temple is in 1671, consisting of a chapel next to the presbytery for the Most Holy. The second enlargement, in the first third of the 18th century, is dedicated to Our Lady of the Dolores. It is worth noting the Camarín, which is accessed from the sacristy. Declared B.I.C. with the type of Monument in 2010 (BOJA 9 / 11 / 2010. p. 50).

• Church of St. Peter the Apostle (S. XVI), Renaissance style, designed by Francisco del Castillo "El Mozo" and built in 1592. It is divided into three ships by sober columns of Tuscan order that support a Mudejar artisan: that of the right dedicated to the Virgin of the Angustias, that of the left is occupied by the Christ of Love and at the bottom the Chapel of the Virgin of Carmen. On the presbyterium is the fourth-sphere vault, on pechines, covered with frescoes of the Celestial Glory. The altarpiece, from the first third of the 17th century, originates from a convent of Valladolid. It also highlights the large number of pictorial works of Easter.

• Convent of Our Lady of the Piety (16th century), popularly known as "Las Dominicas." Founded by Don Jerónimo de Padilla and Pacheco around the year 1540, belonging to the Order of Santiago and with a triple function: to house a convent of Dominican nuns, to be a family pantheon for the founders and to serve as a school for homemade maidens. The church presents one ship divided into three sections, with side chapels embedded in the wall. It has double choruson the feet and on the side of the presbytery. The altarpiece is baroque from 1728. The ship is divided into three sections with star Gothic vaults and separated by half-point arches, columns and capitals. The profusion of santiaguine shells and the general composition of late and Renaissance Gothic elements are a decorative element. In the interior of the convent you can highlight the double floor cloister, you cannot visit it as a closing convent.
  

• St. Helena Parish Church: It was erected in 1793 on an ancient medieval hermitage, which had been raised to commemorate the Christian victory in the battle of the Navas de Tolosa, which had these sites on stage and to guard the Cross to which the miracle was attributed. Built of redesigned and painted masonry, with a simple facade, of small dimensions. A staircase stands out the access door, composed of a half-point arch on imposts, flanked by Tuscan pillars that give way to an inlet finished with triangular fronton and two bones, one on each side. On the top of the first body, the pyramidal structure is raised to three levels, with pinacles at the ends and half-point holes for bells. Inside it is a single drawer ship, covered with a half-canyon vault and double lunetes on the sides. The presbyterium is opened with a spinal arch, covered with an arista vault and illuminated with two large bone-shaped windows. The header is presided over by the image of its patron saint, St. Helena, between dogrous columns that support an injunction and a curved fronton. It was remodeled in 2001.

• Iberian Shrine of the Collado de los Jardines: It is located in the heart of Sierra Morena Oriental, on the most important traditional road of communication between Alta Andalucía and the Plateau. For the Iberian shrines they chose places, usually caves, located next to springs and forests, where it was thought that the divinity lived and where the faithful went to worship, pray and deliver offerings to their divinities. These offerings were what we know as "exvotes," small statues, between eight and twenty cm, made of bronze, stone or mud. In Iberian Shrine of the Collado de los Jardines There have been many exvotes, most of them bronze, representing men and women offering, priests, warriors and objects. It is part of the whole town that was excavated on the hill adjacent to the castle, where a wall, a sacred enclosure and a cast of metal exvotes have appeared. We meet before one of the three great Iberian shrines of the peninsula.

• St. Helena's Urban Helmets:Given its geographical location, a forced passage between the plateau and Andalusia, has experienced many historical events. The Battle of the Navas de Tolosa in 1212 in which King Alfonso VIII of Castile defeated the Almohades. To commemorate this battle, a hermitage was erected in honor of the Empress St. Helena, who would later name this place and the new population, which King Charles III founded in 1767. In the colonizing urbanism of Sierra Morena, the most important element is the large rectangular square, from which they leave streets on each side and where are the important buildings, such as the Church, the City Hall and the posite of Diezmos and Labradores. The rest of the town is organized from the Plaza. The streets are dominated by axial perspectives, houses of the same height and proportions, reticular fabric and geometric structure. It only deviates from the neoclassical model on its perimeter, to adapt to the road. It has been declared Good for Cultural Interest.

• Rupestrian Paints: The province of Jaén has more than forty points with rock paintings, declared World Heritage Sitewithin the whole Mediterranean arc. Some of them are found in St. Helena with exceptional testimonies of schematic and seminaturalist paintings, located in coats of the area, including those of the Cave of the Cows of the Retamoso in the area of the bodies, Cave of the Holy, the Cave of the Schools and some more.

• Mining Heritage. The landscape of ancient mines and Mediterranean mountains of the former Minero District extends to eight municipalities: Linares, La Carolina, Bailén, Baños de la Encina, Vilches, Guarroman, Santa Elena and Carboneros. This mining activity has left in these municipalities an exceptional concentration of remains, unique vestiges in the world and representative of the industrial revolution in the 19th century.

Ibero site of White Crow

The pale tone of its rocks gives meaning to the name of this small hill located two and a half kilometres from the urban core of Porcra: White Crow.

Archeologically involved during the 1970s of the last century, the process of human use of the field is delimited in three moments.

First, during the tartesic period, there is a distinction between an inhumation necropolis dated around the 7th century BC. There are twenty-four individual graves and a double-chamber grave.

From a second epoch, around the 5th century BC, is the largest Iberian sculptural ensemble of the national territory. A thousand three hundred fragments among which are more than thirty sculptures. The warrior of double armor, symbol by anthonomasia of the Iberian world in general, stands out.

Finally, necropolis continued to be used for such purposes from the 5th century BC to the 1st century BC, changing the first rite of imhumation to the rite of incineration.

Roman Amphitheatre of Obulco

The Roman Amphitheatre of Obulco was one of the largest show buildings of the Roman Hispania, an example of the enormous magnitude of the ancient Ibolca-Obulco police. It was the largest of the cities of the Protohistoric and Roman Iberia in the time of Julius Caesar.

This amphitheater shows the imposing archaeological reality of Municipality Pontificensis Obulconensis in the 1st century BC, when it was raised about five hundred meters from the walls.

After the last great intervention of this colossal amphitheatre, its monumental remains, of more than one hectare of surface, have been managed to size and integrate in harmony with the existing neighborhood, allowing its visitors to walk through a large section of the southern façade with its imposing counterstrong of piled chairs in the Hellenistic style, see the doors and volitories, the outer access routes and the large falls of cyclopeia blocks, then be able to enter the cavies or steps, and come down from the wall of the podium to the space of the sand and carcerwhere to appreciate the dimensions and panorama that the old gladiators who fought in the seaweed or games.

Cisterna Romana de La Calderona

The Roman Cistera de La Calderona is a colossal underground hydraulic complex of the Pontifical Municipality of Obulco, intended to store water, which has been in use for more than two millennia and has arrived to this day in exceptional state of conservation.

It was accidentally rediscovered by one of the neighbors of the three contemporary houses that are available over it and intended for air-raid in the Spanish War of 1936. It was originally a large public water tank with several years of rainwater collection and three catchment wells.

The project has been completed by building a contemporary building of access through ramps to the complex and with the excavation of approximately 500 m ² of the large Roman neighborhood of the poniente, where part of a cross-sectional enlisted street have been exhumed, three houses organized around patios, a shop and a butcher-carnage, which allow to qualify this block of the neighborhood as a handicraft and commercial sector of the city.

Boabdil Tower

In an era of invasions and conquests, during the Middle Ages, two names express the same reality. The Muslim Bulkūna and the Christian Porcella live together and share the same territory.

On the remains of an Andalusian bulwark, which in turn was erected on Roman vestiges, the Castle of Porcra is fortified with new defenses to become a Christian alcazar.

Ten are the towers that make up the castle's walled enclosure and one of them, the last to be built, which is maintained until today. The New Tower was raised during the first half of the 15th century by the precept of the Calatravo gentleman Don Luis de Guzmán.

It is also called the Tower of Boabdil for what happened in 1483 when the last sultanate of the Nazarí Kingdom of Granada, Boabdil, was taken as a prisoner to that tower after being arrested in the Battle of Lucena.

The tower is octagonal base, is 28 meters high and has an ochavada shape. Its interior, of two floors and a terrace, will house the medieval rooms of the Archaeological Museum Municipal Obulco.

Church of Santa Ana

The first data that are held from the hermitage of Santa Ana are from the late 15th century although its exact origin is unknown, being able to be reassembled at the end of the 13th century.

Santa Ana is drawn like a hermitage of a ship, with several adjacent dependencies such as the house of the santera and some corrals. During the later centuries the whole is spread and consolidated until in the 19th century it is closed to worship. In the 20th century, the property is sold to the Juárez family for use as a bread oven.

The recent intervention carried out by the City of Porcra has involved the restoration and recovery of the original building. These works have brought to light important findings: unique pavements, numerous burial or wall paintings in the altar area.

Today, the ancient church of Santa Ana has become the Visitors' Reception Centre.

Royal meat stores

This is one of the most modest buildings, which was mentioned in the 15th century, next to the organization of the square: the carnage of the villa, the Church Mayor and the Cabildo.

The Royal Carniceries, called for the Crown's control over meat, supplied the population with beef and sheep for more than five hundred years, from the Middle Ages to the Second Republic.

From this moment on, the city's library is located in the building and, in addition, the work-bag functions are performed there, to be, before its restoration, the Comarcal Court.

In 2015 this space was opened after the rehabilitation and value that the City Council of Porcilla carried out, hosting, there, the municipal services of Historical Archives and Tourist Information Office.

There are some of the vestiges that can be seen inside the building. It is also worth the attention to stop and observe its inclinated facade witness to the Lisbon earthquake of 1755.

The Royal Posite of Charles IV. City Council

In the square of Andalusia was built in the Enlightenment of the King Charles IV in 1798 the Royal Po'sito, that is, a public warehouse of grain for consumption and sowing. It is a functional building offacade of silleri ́ a with beautiful classic cover, which consistsof three ships, one main and two lateral, separated by stone arches on which the deck rests. The building is accessed after climbing a step, an element that allows to generate a lower level or ventilation gallery.

After the Civil War contest, the building was ruined and a major reform had to be made.Although the works were directed by Ramón Pajares Pardo, the project is due to the architect and National Architecture Prize José Luis Fernández del amo, the first project he signed.

The building currently houses the headquarters of the City of Porcra. The large "glass yard" is a bright space that acts as a distributor of the entire ground floor and also functions as a main public service room.

Galleries of the Royal Posite of Carlos IV. Municipal Archaeological Museum of Porcilla

This is abouta space located under the building of the Royal Posite, current City Hall.In its day were the ventilation galleries and prevented the moisture from reaching the grain store. In origin they had no direct access from the outside, only one registration trap. Over time, several entry doors were opened, allowing this place to take different uses, from construction materials storage to dungeon or hardware shop.

Following the major reform in 2017, the space was restored and opened to the public. During the intervention, archaeological remains of Roman and medieval times, now integrated into the journey, came to light. The vaults system used in its construction is particularly noteworthy.

In 2023, two museum rooms were incorporated into the whole, which greatly enrich the understanding of the past of Porcra: one dedicated to the world of the Turdulum and the other to the Roman period. Both offer a clear and accessible journey through the cultures that left a deep mark on the ancient Obulco.

Ntra Parish. Sra. de la Asunción

The Parish Church of Our Lady of the Assumption of Porcilla, concluded in the early 20th century thanks to a popular subscription, rises on the site of the ancient Church of Santa Maria la Mayor. The building, wide and bright, has a Neo-Byzantine style and is articulated in three ships covered with cross vaults. The sacristy, attached to the head, belongs to the temple of the 17th century and is connected to the rectoral house, which houses the residence of the parish priest, the archive, the office and the parish hall.

After the construction of the new temple, Julio Romero de Torres was commissioned to paint the vault of the apse, where the artist represented the Assumption of the Virgin, surrounded by a chorus of angels. The work was so impressed that he was asked for two new murals for the capels of the cruise. In one of them he made the Holy Supper, showing the apostles attentive to the moment when Jesus instituted the Eucharist. On the other, he represented The Holy Family in a serene sunset, with the Child Jesus in Mary's arms and the silent presence of St. Joseph. In addition, the temple retains five more works of the painter: an oil of St. John the Baptist in prayer and four canvases of the evangelists located in the pechines of the cruise.

House of the Stone

Summary of the millennial craftsmanship of the stone in Porcra. The bartender and marmolist Antonio Aguilera Ruedas (1896-1980) built it in the middle of the 20th century for 30 years with considerable personal effort and firm mastery.

Its extravagant and eclectic combination of solutions, techniques and decorations exalt the work of the stone. Their personal and unusual explanations that portray in an unusual way the complex parallel trajectory between building and author draw attention.

In August 2018 it was reopened following the reforms that the City Council of Porcilla made. After an important work of cleaning and restoring the stone a sophisticated lighting system is chosen to bring all the beauty to the craftsmanship of the stone. At the same time, an extensive set of ramps, built in marble concrete, gives access to a glass elevator, a unique dissonant element but that will allow access to the entire building.

Old Jail and Cabildo. Building built in the 16th century, considered a masterpiece of Spanish mannerism. It is currently the City Hall of the city.

In his spectacular main façade We can highlight the huge, dogrous columns with piled armchairs, the sculptures of Justice and Prudence, (both were beheaded), the great doors and their bronze aldabones and a great shield of the Austrians crowning the whole. It was declared a National Historical Monument in 1931. Below the City Hall, the Convent of the Trinitarian, work of the late 16th century, and on the same street, but in the opposite sense the Hospital of San Juan de Dios, of baroque bill of the 18th century. All this high part of the intramurous historical centre is of great quaint and from it you can enjoy beautiful panoramic.

• Santa Marta Parish Church. It rose in the 13th century, in the years following the taking of the city by Fernando III the Holy, on an Arab mosque. It is consecrated to the patron of the city and has the title of Real since 1617. Gothic Mudejar style. The Baptisterium, the Major Chapel, was later built and embellished with the slate-cross vaults and a large cover of the isabelin Gothic. In the 16th century the interior is expanded and remodeled, raising large columns of Tuscan order and building the original Bell Tower with three bodies.

• Pilar of the New Source. Ornamental source located in the Manuel Carrasco Municipal Park. It was built in the 16th century, reflecting the most new and outstanding aspects of the Manier architecture. The set stands out for its monumental beauty and austerity. It consists of an abrevadero pillar and a smaller one in which two lions make water pipes. In the center is the Austrian shield, and on the sides is the shield of Martos and that of Governor Aboz Enríquez.

• The hermitage of San Bartolomé. Located in the skirts of the Peña de Martos, dates from the 14th century and houses the venerated image of Mary Most Holy of the Victory, Queen and Lady of the Peña.

• Roman Bridge of Martos. Important engineering work, built in the Roman era on the Salado stream in the vicinity of Martos to facilitate the passage between the two shores.

• Sanctuary of Mary Most Holy of the Villa. Temple in which Mary Most Holy of the Villa, known as "La Labradora," is sold. It was built on dates near the delivery of Martos to the Kingdom of Castilla. In the 16th century the temple was remodeled and a bell tower was built. This sanctuary was burned and destroyed during the Spanish Civil War. The current was rebuilt in the 1940s of the last century, in a Neobaroque style. The Torre-Campanario dates from the 16th century, is separated from the main building and is the only original element of the ancient Sanctuary. It has a square floor with half-point arches.
  

• The ruins of Castillo de la Peña which we know today are not those built by Muslims but correspond to the strength that the Calatravos built from 1340. The floor of the castle is trapezoidal adapted to the surface of the plateau on which it sits and its entrance, for security reasons, marked a zigzag drawing. The compound was divided into alcázar and a courtyard of weapons protected by a walled enclosure. The alcázar, where the tower of tribute is raised, takes advantage of a natural podium that lifts it about three meters above the courtyard of weapons, separated by a wide, also natural.
  

• Castle of the Villa. It was an alcazaba or citadel surrounded by canvases of almenada wall, as well as passageways and towers, leaving the central space for the construction of administrative and religious buildings: church of Santa Catalina, headquarters of the governorate, cavalries, tahonas, lagores, aljibes, etc. According to evidence from an inspection carried out by the Visitors of the Order of Calatrava in the 16th century in order to repair the deficiencies of the Lower Fortress.

Of the ancient artisan trades in Lopera, only two activities related to the ebanistía have been maintained to this day: the silery and the tortería. In both cases work is done following a classic Spanish line, of Renaissance air and close to the furniture that characterized Granada in the first half of the 20th century. Among the different wood used are those of beech and chestnut.

Other craft works, carried out today only by hobby, are reluctant to disappear. This is the case of the "guarines," made with olive pods, which were used to transport water pitchers or agricultural utensils to the loins of the beasts; or the anea works, especially those made for the "asses" of the traditional chairs.

In the Plaza Mayor of Lopera we find the three factual powers: the military power, represented by the castle-fortress of the Order of Calatrava; the religious power, represented by the Church of the Immaculate Conception and the civil power, represented by the City Council.

• The Castle of Lopera. The castle is located in the centre of this town. It was built by the Order of Calatrava, to whom this population was given after its conquest in 1242. It has irregular pentagonal plant, defending its corners with cylindrical and prismatic towers or cubes. The interior of the fortress has a large courtyard of weapons, with a magnificent almost rectangular alcazar in the center formed by two towers joined by two wall canvases that form a large aspired adarve, supported by half-point arches on counterstrengths. The tower of San Miguel, which controls the main door, houses two vaulted rooms, one of which later became a curious palomar as witnessed by the dozens of ceramic cubes that cover its walls. The tower of Santa María is rectangular, with two overlapping rooms. The one on the ground floor was completely remodeled in 1535 after the works undertaken by the Comandador D. Juan Pacheco for the construction of an oratory, a small chapel that completed the significant transformation carried out in the castle to make it a nobility residence. These works also affected the skate between the two towers, transformed into the palace yard. The Lopera Castle belongs to the promotional database and has complete information sheet.
• The tower of Santa Maria or of the Tribute, keeps in its interior remains of a Gothic chapel, made in the 16th century, when the castle became a nobility residence. We can now enjoy a centre of interpretation dedicated to the Order of Calatrava.
• Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception. The date of its construction is not exactly known, some historians place the beginning of its construction at the beginning of the 14th century. There is a clear succession of styles ranging from the Gothic, the Order of Calatrava, to the Baroque. The basic plant is divided in three ships, highlighting the centre as being wider and higher than the sides. These ships are separated by cylindrical pillars that support the vaults of the deck, warheads and multiple nerves. The altarpiece It's neoclassical. On its outside stands the tower with a square base on which rests an octagonal body and a circular third, with four moons and half-point arches for the bells. Finishing with a pointed polygonal needle chapitel with glazed tile.
• Casa de la Tercia. It was the old posite that is currently called "Casa de la Tercia." The building that was to be built in the 16th century is made of brick in its thick interior and thick tapial in its external walls, with quarry stones that reinforce the corners of the building. It has no decorative elements except two crosses at the top of the deck horse. It was used to store grain in the Modern Age and as a winery in the Contemporary. Don Miguel de Cervantes passed by in order to raise funds for the Invincible Navy.
• The hermitage. It has several and very interesting hermitage, among which we highlight: The Hermitage of the Christ of the Humiliaderoof the 18th century and of Baroque style; the Hermitage of San Roqueof the 16th century, also baroque; Hermitage of Jesus Nazarene, where the 18th century cover is again baroque.

Linares has a varied set of buildings (churches, palaces, solariegal houses) of different styles and times, from the simplicity of the Romanesque to the preciosism of the modernist buildings of the 19th and 20th centuries linked to their past of mining splendor.

The Basilica of Santa Maria la Mayorbuilt during the 13th to 15th centuries, with a mixture of Gothic and Renaissance styles, it has a beautiful silver altarpiece.

The city of Cástulo It has a historical trajectory of more than 4000 years, a history in which the presence and influences of Mediterranean cultures have been reflected, which have left their mark on the site and its territory. Cástulo offers us a heritage that we gradually recover from archaeological research, a legacy that we must know and protect.

The city has also not wanted to forget what its past was, good proof of it are the museums we found in it: Archaeological Museumin which the remains of previous civilizations that occupied these lands are preserved, and the Centre for the Interpretation of the Mining Landscapewhere we find samples of the mining works, pieces and videos on the location of the mining heritage in the region. And with the statue of the Miner, the inhabitants want to pay tribute to the generations who laid the foundations of the city that today is Linares.

The Casa - Museum of Andrés Segoviaor Raphael MuseumWe are reminded of illustrious people who took the name of Linares all over the world.

• The municipal term of La Carolina is full of archaeological vestiges from Prehistory. Places like La Calera, El Minado or El Ochavo, so they testify. We met with Rupéstre art fields like Dona Lady, the Puntal or the Guindo. And also former mining holdings, mainly Roman, like Fountain Spis, or El Guindo.

• The Church of the Immaculate Conception, built as a church of the convent of the barefoot Carmelites of the Peñuela, after the Colonization it is extended to serve as a parish to the nascent population. It has undergone several reforms over the years, and in 1899 the tower was built.

• Palacio del Intendente Olavide, which was the residence of Mr Pedro Olavide, executive of the Sierra Morena Repopulation project. It was built in 1775, in neoclassical style and is located in the center of the village, right next to the parish church.

• La Carolina Museum,The Centre for the Interpretation of the History of Mining in the New Populations of Jaén, integrated in the majestic building of the Palacio del Intendente Olavide, offers countless possibilities of knowledge, culture, history and research of the city, with the latest technologies, an unbeatable infrastructure and a human team that make it an inescapable cultural and tourist resource when visiting the city.

• The Customs Towers, neoclassical style and airy architecture flank the main entrance to the city coming from Madrid.

• Castillo de Navas de Tolosa: For more than two hundred years, it served as a defense and vigilance for the Muslim kingdom of what we know today as the passage of Despeñacolos, once Paso del Muradal. Today the silhouette of its tower stands out in a typical Sierra Morena dehesa in which you can also see braves.

Other monuments of interest are:

• Hermitage of San Juan de la Cruz.
• Monument to San Juan de la Cruz.
• Old jail.
• Monolitos de la Fundación.
• Monument to the Battle of the Navas de Tolosa.
• Mining heritage.

Jaén's architecture bears witness to the many civilisations that have inhabited the city and its surroundings throughout the centuries, resulting in an outstanding monumental heritage that includes both religious and civil buildings. Its historical and artistic legacy showcases a variety of architectural styles, including Gothic, Mudéjar, Renaissance, Baroque, and Neoclassical.

Among its most important monuments are the following:

• Cathedral of the Assumption of the Virgin, a masterpiece by one of the greatest Renaissance architects, Andrés de Vandelvira, and the inspiration for the construction of many cathedrals throughout Latin America. It is regarded as one of the finest examples of Renaissance architecture in Andalusia, which is why the process to obtain UNESCO World Heritage status for the cathedral began several years ago. The city's first cathedral was built on the foundations of the former Great Mosque following the conquest of Jaén by King Ferdinand III of Castile, known as Saint Ferdinand, in 1246. Later, during the 14th century, Bishop Nicolás de Biedma brought to the city the relic of the Holy Face (Santa Faz or Santo Rostro), believed to be one of the three cloths that, according to Christian tradition, Saint Veronica used to wipe the sweat and blood from Jesus' face on his way to Calvary. The presence of this relic in the first Christian cathedral transformed it into an important pilgrimage destination, making its expansion necessary in the Gothic style. Elements of this Gothic phase can still be seen in the apse of the present cathedral. Due to structural problems that arose during the 14th century, a new Renaissance cathedral was commissioned from the architect Andrés de Vandelvira. Although construction continued for nearly three centuries, Vandelvira's original design remained largely faithful throughout the project, resulting in what is considered the most architecturally balanced, harmonious, and proportionate cathedral in Andalusia, with one of the most solemn and majestic interiors in the region.
• Basilica of Saint Ildefonsus. After the Cathedral, it is the largest church in the city. The earliest records of the original building date back to 1248, when it was established as a chapel serving the Cathedral. Two centuries later, in 1430, it became the setting for the famous miracle of the descent of the Virgin Mary to the city of Jaén. Following this event, it became a sanctuary dedicated to the image of the Virgin housed inside, under the title of Our Lady of the Chapel. In the 16th century, the Virgin of the Chapel was proclaimed the patron saint of Jaén. Finally, in 2010, Pope Benedict XVI granted the church the status of Minor Basilica. The building features three entrances: the oldest, in Gothic style, is located at the rear of the church. The side entrance, in Renaissance style, displays a relief depicting the Chasuble Bestowal upon Saint Ildefonsus. The last to be built was the Neoclassical main façade, crowned by a statue of the saint to whom the basilica is dedicated.
• Santa Catalina Castle. An ancient Caliphal fortress stood on the summit of Santa Catalina Hill as early as the 9th century. Centuries later, following the conquest of the city by King Ferdinand III in 1246, the Christian castle that survives today was built. During the 19th century, the castle underwent several modifications to strengthen its defensive structures in response to the Napoleonic invasion. Close to the castle, the building that now houses the National Parador was constructed in the 1960s. From the summit there are spectacular panoramic views of the city and its surroundings, especially from the Cross Viewpoint. The fortress also houses an Interpretation Centre that explores the history of the castle.
• The Arab Baths. They are the largest and best-preserved Arab baths in Spain. Built in the 11th century during the reign of Abd al-Rahman II, they are located beneath the Villardompardo Palace in the heart of the city's historic centre. Covering an area of 450 square metres, they still preserve Almohad decorative elements, suggesting that they were restored towards the end of the 12th century. Between the 14th and 15th centuries, after they ceased functioning as public baths, the rooms were converted into tanneries. Later, at the end of the 16th century, Fernando de Torres y Portugal, Count of Villardompardo and Viceroy of Peru, built his palace above them. At the beginning of the 20th century, together with several adjoining buildings, they became part of a women's hospice. A section of the baths was rediscovered in 1913 and, a few years later, they were declared a National Monument. Today, following a restoration project that received the Europa Nostra Award, they form part of the "Arab Baths" Cultural Centre, which also houses the Museum of Popular Arts and Customs and the International Museum of Naïve Art.
• Chapel of Jesús (Camarín de Jesús). The chapel and the convent church of Saint Joseph are the only surviving remains of the former Convent of Saint Joseph of the Discalced Carmelites, founded in the 16th century. The recently restored church, with its characteristic Carmelite façade featuring a niche, houses both the chapel and the Camarín de Jesús, created in the 17th century to enshrine the celebrated Renaissance sculpture of Nuestro Padre Jesús Nazareno ("El Abuelo"). The image belongs to the brotherhood founded in this very convent in 1588 and is carried in procession during the early hours of Good Friday before thousands of worshippers and pilgrims. The façade is adorned with a beautiful terracotta sculpture of Saint Joseph by the renowned ceramic artist Paco Tito.
• Church of La Magdalena. Originally the city's Great Mosque during the Islamic period, it was converted into a parish church following the Christian conquest. Its main façade and interior are Gothic in style, while one of its towers still preserves the former Arab minaret. The church contains several important works of art, including Calvary by Jacobo Florentino "El Indaco", a panel of Our Lady of the Pillar attributed to Pedro Machuca, the 16th-century Christ of Clemency by Salvador de Cuéllar, and the 18th-century image of Saint Mary Magdalene by Mateo de Medina. The courtyard of the former mosque, with its rectangular ablution pool, served various public purposes during the Christian era and was landscaped with gardens and ornamental fish during the 20th century.
• Church of Saint Bartholomew. It is one of the oldest churches still standing in the province of Jaén. Dating back to the medieval period, this religious monument features a Baroque exterior and a Mudéjar interior. Among its highlights is a green glazed ceramic baptismal font decorated with 15th-century Gothic inscriptions.
• Provincial Council Palace. This palace was built in the mid-19th century by architect Jorge Porrua. Originally, the site was occupied by the Convent of Saint Francis, commissioned by King Ferdinand III in the 13th century. A century later, King Peter I of Castile ("Peter the Cruel") granted it to the Franciscan friars. Following the ecclesiastical confiscations, the building became public property and was eventually converted into the headquarters of the Provincial Council. Today, visitors can explore its central courtyard and the lower galleries.
• Oppidum of Puente Tablas. The fortified Iberian settlement of Puente Tablas is located just 4 kilometres from Jaén. Over more than thirty years of archaeological research, the site has revealed its outstanding historical importance through evidence of continuous human occupation from the Bronze Age to the Islamic period. However, its most significant phase dates from the Iberian period, particularly the 4th century BC. Visitors can discover how the Iberians of the Upper Guadalquivir lived while exploring one of the most impressive defensive systems of the period, with more than 300 metres of preserved walls standing over 5 metres high. Visitors can enter the settlement by following the same route once used by its ancient inhabitants, passing through the famous Sun Gate.

In literature, Benito Pérez Galdós gives the name Bailén to the fourth delivery of the National Episodes.

Within the city we must highlight the church of La Encarnación with more than 500 years old. And there are several hermites that are scattered by the municipal term: that of Soledad, which has a shrimp in plaster of Andalusian baroque; that of Jesus Nazarene, of Saint John the Evangelist and of Holy Christ.

The most recent construction is the Parish of San José Obrero, which was raised in the 1960s, and with a low relief on its façade by the sculptor José Antonio Rivas Fernández. Inside, a fresco painting by the famous painter Francisco Baños, representing the desposorios of the Virgin with San José.

On the walk known as "de las palmeras" we find the memorial of the Battle of Bailén, also by the artist José Antonio Rivas Fernández.

And the visit to the Museum of the Battle of Bailén: a striking building that recreates in plant the weapon leading to the battle: the cannon. Two parallel vaults in the adjacent gardens simulate the ammunition used by this artillery weapon. In its interior, six interconnected rooms show in an amena and didactic way the beginnings, causes and consequences of the War of Independence (1808-1814).

• Parish Church of the Incarnation.We are facing the most emblematic building of local architecture, made of red asperon stone cut into armchairs and started its construction in the 15th century following the canons of the style known as the Catholic Kings or Isabelino, corresponding to the trends marked in other Gothic churches of the province such as that of San Ildefonso de Jaén, Santiago de Andújar or La Concepción de Lopera. Romanesque, Gothic, rebirth and baroque converge in this church declared an Artistic Historical Monument on May 2, 1983. The Mausoleum with the mortal remains of General Don Francisco Castaños and Aragorri, Duke of Bailén and Marqués de Portugalete remain in this church since 1963, when he moved to Bailén from the Pantheon of Ilustrious Men in Madrid.

• House of Culture.This 19th century house is located in whatever the Jaén Road is; one of the main entrance doors to the city. It was used as a family house since the first third of the 20th century by its owner Don Juan Gracia Alonso, mayor of Bailén at that time, who in 1971 decided to keep inside this house the facade of whatever was the Ducal Palace of the Ponce de León, as the fortress was dismounted stone to stone until it was located on the Street of Our Father Jesus.

• Hermitage of the Holy Christ. On this occasion we find ourselves in the face of an 18th century building, which at another time did the role of school and which would later be donated by the families of Bailén, Corchado and Barreda to the co-fradry of the Santa Vera Cruz. Through a half-point arch, the cover gives us access to the temple to contemplate the most prominent element of it, the cover of a half-canyon centralized on the cruise and presbyter, with plant motifs such as decoration in which voluminous acanto leaves surround the shields, two of them supported by a few naive children.

• Hermitage of Our Father Jesus.The street that in the past would unite whatever the Royal High and the Bajo road is known by all with its ancient name as the Cuesta of Jesus, giving greater identity to this 18th century hermitage, which initially responded to the name of the hermitage of the Holy Christ of Nazareth. As we enter the rectangle that delimits its interior, we see two different areas in a presbyter with a half-barrel vault and a quadrangular space with a half-orange dome over four half-point arches. The pechines decorated with baroque plaster next to the oval shields with the symbols of the Passion of Christ adorn the oratory.

• La Soledad hermitage.The Gothic is reflected in the rectangular ship, segregated in four spaces by three pointed arches, all settled since the end of the XIV. Four centuries later we located the baroque-style camarina tower, where a pointed window serves as a link to the ship, from which in turn you can see that element. The altar presents to its left the access to the sacristy and to its right that of the shrimp, both of stone and intelated, discovering vegetable decorations in the vault.

• The Hermitage of Clean and Pure.That day of 1808, he would see the Spanish troops parading at his side until they reached the place from which they would defend themselves from the French offensives. A Galo general, known as Dupré, would be killed during the fight when he attacked the Spanish army with his coraceros, so he would be buried in this oratory because of his proximity to the battlefield. It was a small, poor, rustic and encalada hermitage that had been built at the end of the 15th century and whose name would refer to the image of the Immaculate Conception that it guarded within it.

• Sanctuary of the Virgin of Zocueca.Its building is in the year 1150, when a poor and thick hermitage for the Cross is raised by the MozArab Christians, where a small image of Mary was venerated for having protected its elders and later to them, by winning King Alfonso VII the fields of Bailen. From the end of the 19th century, and annually every last Sunday of September, the people of Bailén celebrate in this place the Romeria in honor of Our Lady the Virgin of Zocueca, patron of Bailen who would intercede in favor of this people in the contest of July 19, 1808.