The total power of the section is over 150 m. On a few sucrose dolomies attributed to the lower and medium Jurassic we find materials from the upper Kimmeridgian; they are limeals with large gastropods and corals that end up on an erosive surface with a crusts of iron oxides.

The following are limestones, locally sandy and margas, with various levels of interspersed calcrets; these materials are being decrified and dolomitised, giving way to stoned dolomies with abundant carbonous remains; this whole set of materials is of the age Hauteriviense- Barremiense. The lower Aptiense is characterized by the presence of sands, calcareous sandstone and sandy limestone with laminations and cross stratifications as well as orbitolins at various levels. The materials of the upper Aptiense have abundant rudists and orbitolins. The Albibe is represented by dolomies with black songs and ghosts of rudists.

Source: Inventory of Georresources of Andalusia. Environmental Council. Junta de Andalusia.

From the view of Segura de la Sierra you have a magnificent panoramic view of the relief of El Yelmo (its northern slope), one of the most emblematic of the Sierra de Segura. This relief has a synchronal structure, with a rich succession of marine and continental sedimentary rocks of Jurassic-Cretaceous age.

In addition to vertical succession, there are important side changes in the stratigraphic architecture, observable in the panorama, which consist of remarkable changes of powers, culminating in the coining of formations. These exceptional characteristics are due to the paleogeographical position on the margin of a marine basin (sudiberic paleomargen) during the Mesozoic. The observations on the northern side of the Yelmo are complemented, from the same viewpoint, by that of the "Segura de la Sierra Court," which shows a section covering the Jurassic and Cretaceous, and which is accessible by the asphalt forest track that leads inside the Segura Sierra from the Segura de la Sierra population.

Source: Inventory of Georresources of Andalusia. Environmental Council. Junta de Andalusia.

The stratigraphic section of the South Yelm is a magnificent example of the materials of the Aptiene-Ambient of the Prebetic. The Aptiense is essentially represented by limestone, of facies that vary between lacustre / palustres (carbonous) and of somere platform, both protected (lagoon), and open (coral reef).

The Albibe is made up of an alternation of carbonates (limestones and dolomies) and terrogenes (margas, clays and sands), from coastal to shallow marine environments. The faces represented are very rich and varied, at certain levels with a very well developed cyclicity. The content in fossils is extraordinarily rich, both in marine fauna and corals, lamelibranchios (rudists and ostreides), foraminiferous (e.g. orbitolinides), as well as fresh water (caraceous algae).

Source: Inventory of Georresources of Andalusia. Environmental Council. Junta de Andalusia.

These lines correspond to the Treaty of the Mountain, studied by the Duke of Almazan, a document that some researchers attribute to Jorge Manrique. To talk about the 15th century in the Sierra de Segura is to talk about the Manrique family and the border period. A situation in which attacks and responses by Christians and Muslims were frequent. This danger and the border situation can only be seen by entering Segura de la Sierra: remains of walls, towers, entrance doors and on top of the hill, the watchful castle.

The Visits Books of the Order of Santiago described in the late 15th century the castle of Segura de la Sierra as a military compound with weapons to face a siege or, if necessary, to organize a village to attack the enemy. We cannot forget that in 1434 Rodrigo Manrique organized a village to conquer Huécar in the Altiplano granadino.

In Segura de la Sierra, taking advantage of this privileged position and under the security offered by its walls is where Jorge Manrique was raised under the care of his mother, Mrs. Mencía de Figueroa, in the house that still today is preserved five hundred years later.

The original place of worship would be made up of a grotto in the rocky massif and a source; in front of that it is possible to emerge at different times, successive buildings of worship; for the oldest one it is kept news of its rectangular plant, and it is suspected a chronology of the centuries V- IV BC; for the most recent the dating managed would place it in the first century or perhaps before; the Shrine would already work from before the construction of the first building and would continue to do so, at least until the fourth century, after the destruction of the second building towards the third century AD. It seems that the exvotes, in the vast majority or in their entirety bronze figures, "Fury primitivement dépossées dans la caverne, et jetées de temps a autre sur la pente, mais jamais aucune fosse ne fut creusée pour les recevoir," which prevents the existence of a reliable strategy, which is aggravated by the precarious conditions of the excavation, at the beginning of the century, of the site. It is not unlikely, as one of the excavators suggested, that the religious whole should also be completed with a sacred forest, from whose branches the devotees would hang part of the offerings.

Today we see olive trees around the sanctuary but we must think of forest areas with some clear for cultivation, highlighting on the high Iznatoraf as the most important villa of the advance to the north of the Guadalquivir.

Little by little this situation of danger is disappearing, new inhabitants arrive and places are beginning to live outside the walls of the villa until it is necessary to disconnect them from the municipality. The inhabitants of the Moraleja in 1396 knew the autonomy with respect to Iznatoraf, going on to be called since then Villanueva del Archbishop.

It tells an ancient legend that in Muslim times there was a group of MozArabs in Iznatoraf with a great devotion to the virgin Mary. The king's wife showed some interest in the Christian religion by helping them in all that she could. When her husband, known as Alimenon, found out, he ordered that they take his wife into the forest and cut off her hands and take her eyes out to die in the most absolute solitude. The woman called on the virgin Mary, who presented herself and made a fountain sprout to wash her wounds. Miraculously he healed and the virgin ordered him to go up to her husband so that, being aware of the miracle, they would be baptized in the fountain and set up a temple in his honor.

The Sanctuary and the virgin of the Fuensana is one of the oldest in Spain and it is known that it existed in 1291 already as an important pilgrimage center on the border lands. The building is of three Gothic-style ships, although there are still some Romanesque reminiscent, such as a beautiful medieval mudejar tile. The virgin of the Fuensana is sold in a baroque shrimp of the 17th century.