The first documentary references of the peoples date from the second half of the 13th century, when the King Alfonso X The Wise, donated to the bishop of Jaen the castle of Cárchel. However, we find evidence and traces that will discover the passage through these places of ancient civilizations.

There are authors who identify Cárchel as "Karka", old city, bastena (Ibero village).
Throughout the first century, various Roman settlements occupied the territory and later it was the Visigoths who settled on these lands.

In the 1960s, a visigoda stone, well preserved, and several burials appeared next to the church of Cárchel. This stone is currently in the Provincial Museum of Jaén.

The Muslims called "Sumuntan" to the lowlands of Magina. The stay in these territories ranges from the eighth to the thirteenth centuries.

During these five centuries they substantially improved the agricultural system received from the Romans: they improve the irrigation systems, getting better use of the water (construction of sows, wells, aljibes, lacquers...) and also incorporate new crops, fruit and vegetables mainly.

When Christian occupation begins, Sumultan (current Cárcheles) is the border between Castile and the Nazari kingdom of Granada. As a result of the militarization, military strengths are maintained and improved, but the region is depopulated and it is not until the conquest of Granada by the Catholic Kings when the repopulation begins, passing these peoples to belong to Cambil for many years. At the end of the 18th century, Cárchel, Carchelejo and Cazalla are segregated and formed as their own entities for the first time, and the City Council is located in Carchelejo.

The maximum demographic splendor of the two nuclei begins to decline from the civil war. Already in the 1950s, and much more in the 1960s, there is a strong emigration caused by the poor agricultural development of the region, which is typical of all areas dependent on a single crop, making the economy very vulnerable. Against this economic and demographic reality, in the year 1974 are merged again the two municipalities of Cárchel and Carchelejo forming one with the name of Cárcheles, as it had been until 1843.

Camillo de Arenas was founded by Real Cédula de la Queen Doña Juana, but it would be Carlos I who gave him the title of a villa in 1539.

The numerous remains found in different places of the town show that it was inhabited in prehistoric times of the Paleolithic and the Neolithic.

An argaric village has been found in the excavations at Puerta de Arenas. The buried sites found are large slabs with remains of individuals and their ajuars in bronze and mud vessels. There is also a record of the existence of Iberian populations.

The abundant remains found, pieces of vessels, Roman tiles, lacquered glass rings, bronze cups and recently in the corrijada of Casablanca, two bronze figures representing the goddess of agriculture and a rooster, show that the Romans had here camps.

The tombs found next to the corrijada of Casablanca correspond to visible burial. At the beginning of the 20th century, a visiotic treasure was found, made up of glass beads, a copper bracelet, handkerchiefs, pins and a buckle. The pins have the head of a scrap, where a piece of stone or glass was set. This treasure was acquired by the National Archaeological Museum.

The Arab remains are of great interest, for being a Christian-Arab border during the Reconquest. We have in the Cerro del Castillo the historical ruins of a fortress that was part of the Nazarite Kingdom of Granada for many centuries, until it was conquered by the Catholic Kings.
During the Independence War, a battle between constitutional troops and the French army took place in the Sand Campillo.

The knights who were traveling in the old steps were reunited in the typical Campesian inn, with many of the illustrious characters who visited this town.

The oldest testimonies of the territory of Cambil are located in the tunnel of Saint Lucia, where they were found Bronze Age burial (II millennium BC)

From the year 182 to. C. The romanization of this region begins. They've been found. sarcophages, remains of columns and capitals in Arbuniel.

The core of Cambil takes on importance from Islamic domination and is already cited in the 12th century (Qanbil). It was divided into two small villages separated by the river and protected by two small castles to ensure its defence.

The town will be definitely taken from the Nazarian Kingdom in the year 1485 by the Catholic Kings, with the help of six thousand men who arrived from Jaén and the first use of artillery. In thanks to this help, the Catholic Kings determined that Camil would become part of the Jaén Council.

He will be King Philip II, in 1558who emancipates Cambil from the tutelage of Jaen and orders that the lands of Arbuniel be added.

In 1676 the segregation of Cambil of the population of Carchelejo including Carchel and Cazalla (today, Cárcheles).

And it will be in 1862 when it is incorporated to Change the territory of Mata Bejid, which until then had been under Jaén's jurisdiction.

Already in the 20th century, with the proclamation of the 2nd Republic and the beginning of the Civil War, Cambil is occupied by the Republican side, being bombed by Jaén and its surroundings by the "Legion Condor."

In the 1960s, Cambil, like the other populations of Sierra Mágina, suffered from emigration from many of its people to the industrial centres and large cities of Spain and Central Europe.

For some remains of joules found in the caves of La Liota and the Barranco de la Sima, in the Sierra Cruzada, we have to assume that the first inhabitants of these lands were associated with Traveller populations dedicated to grazing.

The villages corresponding to the age of the Copper and Bronze, which would be located in the Kangilones, Montosa head and Barranco mill, they would be located along the stream "Royo" which below will be called Salado.

These lands were part of the passing area that connected the southern Mediterranean coasts to those of the East (Levante), an important reason for human presence in these places. The finding of metal idols confirms the existence of Iberian populations.

As well as the finding of coins or a Roman mill, tombs, and even suspicions of the existence of a necropolis, are compelling evidence of the presence of the Roman people.

From the Visigoda era we know the finding of what has been called the "treasurer," which was a currency with the inscription "Chisdasvinto Rex."

As far as Muslim domination is concerned, we have little information on the early stages. We know that Fernando III the Holy takes the villa in 1245And it shall be King Alfonso X the Wise, who will give it to him, together with Santiesteban, to the city of Ubeda.

With the conquest of Granada the instability on this border disappears and Carlos V orders the Council of Ubeda to repopulate the site of the CabrillaThat's the name of the population then. In 1545 there would be the arrival of the first 50 neighbours, and a little later another 100 would arrive. The new rotated and sown lands of cereal begin to bear fruit and it is noted that the demographic increase is noticeable, by the end of the 16th century the town already had 600 inhabitants. The construction of the church of Santa Ana begins, under the title of Our Lady of the O.
A few years later, without the reasons being clear, the construction of a second church begins, Our Lady of Expectation, the present parish.

The 17th century will be the aura period for the town of Cabrillas. During this century, forestry (pastures, shrubs...) is moved to rotate these lands and grow them from cereal, with the resulting increase in production.

And to this modification in cultivation we must add the arrival of the image of the Christ of Burgos, a fact that would change life in this villa. On January 19, the feast of San Sebastián, of 1637, a bartender that carried the belongings of the Guadix Corridor in two mules loses the burden because of a temporary, with the exception of a canvas with the copy of the image of the Christ of Burgos. The waitress where the bartender, who was crippled with one arm, took refuge, healed by just touching the image. The miracle spread through the area and soon the devotees of the most diverse localities came to pray before the image.

A fact that meant changing the name of "Cabrilla" for "Cabra of the Holy Christ".
There were so many gains that the church that it was decided to extend the church by its header. The big house is set up on these very dates, the town increases its number of inhabitants and a glass factory is created, which, together with the craft with the spartum, decide to carry the objects produced by the people to sell them.

The arrival of in 1899 it was a new push for the increase of the population, with jobs in the construction of the roads and in the construction of the new houses in the town, reaching the 6,741 inhabitants.

The times of bad crops, as well as the industrialization in the manufacture of objects such as glass or spartum, and the post-war years, they assumed the exodus to the great cities for many of the inhabitants, thus the population began to decline to the present 1800.

The municipal term of Bélmez de la Moraleda offers us some settlements of the Iberian and Roman times of great interest and which clearly illustrate some of the historical and geographical circumstances of the environment. And among the latter, the character of passage, of transit between the current province of Granada and the Alto Guadalquivir through the valley of the Jandulilla River, which, turned into a true parade at some points. This strategic situation explains the location in the Iberian era of a settlement, the so-called Bélmez Entrance, located two hundred metres from the crossing of the road that goes up to the present town. It is a small hill with a soft profile on the river's Vega.

Although no remains of on-site infrastructure have been found, many stone blocks are visible and must have been part of a strategic and small construction. Although the surface remains are not very abundant, among other reasons for the deterioration of the top of the hill, here would be a fortified enclosure, a tower for the control of the passage. Among the materials located has been identified a cover of an earring urn, a characteristic ceramic form, linked to a chronological moment that must be located in the so-called Old Horizon of the Iberian world, that is, before the second half of the 5th century before our age.

From Ubeda la Vieja, right at the point of confluence of the Jandulilla with the Guadalquivir, it is the only settlement dated at that time, which makes it exceptional, also serving to explain some historical issues of great interest. We know that the passage through the Jandulilla Valley reached its greatest intensity during the 4th century BC, when the trade in Greek products was more intense and when the aristocracy of Ubeda la Vieja extended its control throughout the river valley, from the mouth to the hill of the Pajarillo in Huelma. The location of the Bélmez Entrance is to point to an occupation or at least control of the valley from an older moment. However, no archaeological elements have been found to allow us to think of a true agricultural exploitation of the valley and it seems that it does not begin until a later moment, according to the few indications we have, around the beginning of the second century before our age.

Very later in time another settlement, the so-called Barranco de Hornillos Bajo, shows us the occupation of the environment of Belgium in Roman times, although the limited information does not allow us to specify the specific moment of the occupation of the site. Located next to the river, on a hillside, we observe the presence of archaeological remains that confirm it. We are certainly faced with the presence of a rustic villa, an agricultural farm that will later have continuity in medieval times. The present town of Bélmez de la Moraleda is located a few kilometres from the medieval town that gave rise to it. Much of this region was dominated during the ninth century by the Muladi family of b. Habil, and the "castles" of which the Arab sources speak would mostly be fortified small places. The population lived in the villages that controlled these shelters.

So far we do not know whether Belgium already existed, although it seems very credible, since in 945, a few years after Abd'alRahman III submitted the whole region, a mosque was erected, as indicated by the inscription commemorating its construction. It is possible that this was a building jointly carried out by a group of villages, a solution that small populations adopted very often to "cover costs." But it cannot be ruled out that Belgium had already reached enough entity to provide itself with such construction.

However, the name Bélmez is not mentioned in the texts until the beginning of the 14th century. Belgium is a word of Arab root, meaning "protected place." In addition, the word "velmez" has been left in Spanish with the meaning of clothing that was put on the shirt to prevent the loriga and other annoying garrison in the body, which reaffirms the sense of protection. And the castle of Bélmez is in fact located inside a small Vega, protected by a mountain circle, so the towers of the Sun and the Lucero were built in the nearby heights to monitor the environment.

All this indicates that between the X and XIV centuries there were a number of changes in the physical structure of this town - and of other similarities - and in the way of controlling the territory. Between the X and XII centuries the scheme would be similar to that of the previous one, that is, many villages - including Belgium - which jointly have places of fortification for cases of danger. Then, especially from the end of the 13th century, in the face of the threatening Spanish presence, the population seems to be concentrated in some localities, which are surrounded by walls.

It is what Arab sources call "hisn" (plural "husun") and what castellans call "castles." It is the case of Belgium, taken in 1316 by the infant Don Pedro. But the Spanish crisis and the Nazi counter-attack will allow Muslims to recover some of the populations in the saw. And in some such as Bélmez they will do important works, so that when it is again conquered in 1448, the Spanish chronist already distinguishes between the population ("the place") and the castle itself. It is the latter that has been described on several occasions as much older than it actually is. The last transformation will be the change of location of the population, as we have said before, although, along with the remains of the Islamic settlement, there remains a cordijada that has kept the name. The taking and conquest of the castle of Bélmez in 1448 by Don Fernando de Villafañé came to mean in fact the end of the Islamic rule in the villa.

However, this conquest was only if it mitigated the context of struggles and struggles that had characterized its most recent past. A good test of this will be the numerous avatars through which the fortress of Belgium will pass through the years between 1464 and 1477, which are framed within the inner struggles that characterized most of the reign of Henry IV. Thus, in 1464 the castle suffered the assault and taking of the infant Don Alfonso; in 1465 the one favored by Don Juan de Vera; in 1476 the attempt to conquer the second viscount of Huelma and the commanding officer of Bedmar and Albanchez... Conflicts that were to a large extent explained, on the one hand, according to the control it allowed on the road to Granada and, on the other, to a no less important control on important areas of excellent pastures in Sierra Magina. This is evident in the case of disputes such as those held with the village of Huelma and, above all, the one held with the farmers of Ubeda for matters of portances and quintos, which will last at the end of 208 years.

These conflicting years gave way, in the 16th century, to a new type of litigation, this time of administrative character. In 1501 the Catholic Kings donated the castle of Bélmez and its terms, which since the 14th century had remained attached to the Lordship of Jódar, to the council of Granada, "on the condition that this council paid Alonso de Carvajal all the money that the kings owed him for the commitment of Belmez and that it was with a life character Alonso de Carvajal alcaide de Belmez." This donation will rereproduce old disputes about the possession of Bélmez, especially since the end of 1513, after the death of Don Alonso de Carvajal on Italian lands. The disputes were finally settled with the possession that Don Diego de Carvajal obtained from it, that is, in exchange for a census paid to the city of Granada.

And it was this fact that, in the end, it was another of the transcendental changes that are going to take place in the history of Belgium in the 16th century: the modification, since 1534, of the location of its population core, propitiated by the attitude taken since those dates by that lord when he began to give land as a lease to some farmers, who began to rotate the dehesa and to build their houses near the birth of the Moraleda. This attitude already had its background in the villa in some information of 1510, when it was possible to distribute land to potential resettlers in view of the fact that many fields offered a marked aspect of inculcated and with more than irregular exploitation.

In the 16th century most of the land was intended for the cultivation of wheat, barley, flax and hemp, as well as the presence of caprine, pigmeat, cattle and cavalry. In addition, the collection of spartum and juniper, of wood or hunting, as well as the land intended for pasture, were its most important activities. This little varied throughout the Modern Age, given that in the mid-19th century the cultivation and collection of wheat, barley, rye, corn, bellot, chickpeas, beans and all kinds of seeds, fruits and vegetables remained characteristics of an economy strongly turned to agricultural and livestock activities, the latter focusing on the livestock, the goat and to some extent the pigs. And all this developed by a population of about 896.

At the end of the 19th century, the image had hardly been altered: the land of pastures (1,712 hectares) and of mountains (1,670 hectares) stood out to some extent on the cereal crop (1,326 hectares) and on the olive tree (116 hectares). A century later, this is, at the end of the 20th, the productive physionomy of the town has changed: the 1,679 hectares of olive trees are very much over 51 for herbaceans or 128 for fruit. In addition to the important role of the olive tree, the area of pastures (1,673 hectares) will also remain privileged.

These superficial magnities and this agricultural image were accompanied by a poorly claimed peasant and labor-related social scenario in the 19th century at the same time as in the 20th century. The agricultural problems resulting both from the effects of the crisis of the persistence and from the finisecular agricultural crisis and the modernization processes undertaken from the crisis have increased the agricultural social question, which has repeatedly led to unemployment and hunger. In this sense, the statistical data provided in 1930 / 31 on unemployed in Belgium is more than illustrative: 75% of its workers' and peasants' census.

It should not be surprising that it is precisely in these years, as was also the case in other neighbouring municipalities, when the trade union and political discourse of the class is deeply calmed in its working population: the constitution of the local section of the FNTT is 1932, and those of the PCE and the FRCA of 1937. The political translation of this situation was to some extent in line with what was said: in 1931 the PSOE's candidacy for the legislative elections will be successful for the first time in the municipality, although in the 1933 legislative elections right-wing candidates will achieve the electoral triumph, which will remain in 1936 within the so-called National Block.

This social conflict in the first half of the 20th century will be accompanied by a certain degree of demographic vitality: if in 1900 the town was to add a total of 1,488 inhabitants, in 1930 they had increased to 2,177, to reach 2,588 in 1950, which meant its highest demographic moment. From this date, and throughout the second half of the 20th century, the municipality has experienced a situation, first - especially in the 1960s - of some setback and then of the maintenance of its 2,000 inhabitants. It begins to open something beyond Belgium, towards the Guadalquivir.

The lands that now occupy the core of Bedmar have been inhabited since Prehistory, which is no wonder, if we take into account the large number of natural caves and coats that exist on these slopes of Sierra Magina. The Iberian period corresponds to the archaeological sites of the Cornetales and the Cerrillo de los Ayozos, and the vestiges found at other points allow to document the Roman and visigoda presence in the area. It is precisely in this last period, the Visigode, when the village of Bedmar begins to take shape.

The original core was in Peña Marta, with a wall belt to shelter the inhabitants of the valley. The strategic situation of Bedmar, dominating the valley of the Guadalquivir River, encouraged the construction of new defenses from the early moments of the Muslim conquest. Thus, in the eighth century, a second defensive belt was raised and the castle was built. At this time it was called Bedmar "al-Matmar," which means silo and, by extension, cave. The term is likely to refer to the cave that opens on the rocky wall that dominates the city. A cave that was integrated into the primitive fortified set of which, still today, remains: two canvases, part of the towers and an aljibe attached to the rocks.

As a border land, the history of Bedmar is sour in those centuries. Several times conquered by the Castilians and many others recovered by the Muslims, they resisted losing this bulwark on the northern limit of the Nazarite kingdom. The castle of the city, the torreon de Cuadros, the small castle of Fuensucia or the torreon of Fique, between Bedmar and Baeza, are some constructions of its defensive system. It was not the struggle, but a peace treaty (the one in Seville in 1310 between Fernando IV and King Nasr) that determined the passage to the Christian domain of the city. Yet a century later, in 1417, the Nazarites of the Kingdom of Granada would try to take the castles of Bedmar and Albanchez by surprise, but they did not.

At that point, the villa already belonged to the Order of Santiago and, with the end of the Granada War, these lands, so far very insecure, are repopulated. Thus in the 15th century new houses are built, at first close to the castle, but then overflowing the limits of the fortress. The Catholic Kings granted the privilege of the villa to Bedmar, which was later endorsed by Charles V. King Philip II authorized his sale to Don Alonso de la Cave in 1512. Already separated from the Order of Santiago, Bedmar was the head of a marquee. As a lordory villa, it experienced a significant growth and urban renewal. From the 17th century are the main buildings: the chapel of Cuadros, the church of the Assumption, the church of the Conception... In 1882 Alfonso XII granted the city council the treatment of most illustrative and reaffirmed his shield of arms.

Dominating the opposite bank of the Cuadros River, over a Altozano, is Garcíez. This core, originating in one of the villages of the term, has a signory origin. In 1973 a Voluntary Fusion Record was launched with

The oldest news in the history of Albanchez is found in the Cueva de los Skeletos, in the The Fuckers' place. It was discovered in the 19th century by peasants. It was the finding of several skeletons, sitting in semicircle and armed with arrows, whose tips were acute pedernals, with knives and spears also of pedernal. The researchers have identified him with a multiple burial of the Age of the Bronze. In the municipal term, several treasuries of coins and several inscriptions have been found, of which some researchers have deduced the existence of a buried Roman city, Campanjana.

The urban core of Albanchez must have originated between the 7th and 9th centuries, when the peasant population used the rock, under which the people lie, to seek refuge. By the 11th century the wall of the population would be built, which was then above the current one. From this primitive fortification remain the remains of a square tower.

After the Spanish conquest the castle was built on the rock, although it is difficult to specify who built it, for during the middle age Albanchez belonged to various lords, although above all it belonged to the Order of Santiagor. In 1309 Fernando IV grants the villa to this Order of Santiago, which created the Bedmar and Albanchezwhose presence lasted, at intervals, until the 19th century. From the news in the leagues we know that he belonged to the Lordship of Jodar, until in 1338 Ruy Fernández He sold it to the Ubeda Council for 1,500 maravedis. Albanchez was dependent on Bedmar until the infant Enrique de Aragón the villa was made independent by privilege given in Valladolid on 18 November 1419, later confirmed by other kings.

After the reconquest there was a demographic increase supported by the repopulation measures and movements, the development of an economy of a marked agricultural character and the raising of partridges and pigeons and goats, lanar and cattle. The economic decline of the state in the 17th century accentuates this situation in Albanchez due to its subsistence economy. The fact that it is evidenced by the state of ruin that the castle had at this time or the sinking of the roof of the parish temple.

The 18th and first half of the 19th century meant a shy attempt to recover. This is demonstrated by the reconstruction of the church giving rise to the current one. Another of the most significant facts is the definitive disappearance of the Enabling to the heat of measures such as the Demortization of Mendizábal in 1836.