Mediterranean mountain area, also called Sierra de Alta Coloma, with high-value geological and vegetable formations such as oaks, complaints, junips and savannas. The following enclaves are highlighted: the Monastery ravine, the Quebrajano reservoir, the Valdecarazos river, the Palo Stone, the Netherlands Prados cortijo or the Alberquilla lookout.

Location: Sector west of the municipal term.

Distance: 3-7 km.

Medium: by all-terrain vehicle, by bike and on foot.

Access route: By the JV-2.228, which leaves directly from the urban centre, and through agricultural and forestry roads.

The total power of the section is over 150 m. On a few sucrose dolomies attributed to the lower and medium Jurassic we find materials from the upper Kimmeridgian; they are limeals with large gastropods and corals that end up on an erosive surface with a crusts of iron oxides.

The following are limestones, locally sandy and margas, with various levels of interspersed calcrets; these materials are being decrified and dolomitised, giving way to stoned dolomies with abundant carbonous remains; this whole set of materials is of the age Hauteriviense- Barremiense. The lower Aptiense is characterized by the presence of sands, calcareous sandstone and sandy limestone with laminations and cross stratifications as well as orbitolins at various levels. The materials of the upper Aptiense have abundant rudists and orbitolins. The Albibe is represented by dolomies with black songs and ghosts of rudists.

Source: Inventory of Georresources of Andalusia. Environmental Council. Junta de Andalusia.

From the view of Segura de la Sierra you have a magnificent panoramic view of the relief of El Yelmo (its northern slope), one of the most emblematic of the Sierra de Segura. This relief has a synchronal structure, with a rich succession of marine and continental sedimentary rocks of Jurassic-Cretaceous age.

In addition to vertical succession, there are important side changes in the stratigraphic architecture, observable in the panorama, which consist of remarkable changes of powers, culminating in the coining of formations. These exceptional characteristics are due to the paleogeographical position on the margin of a marine basin (sudiberic paleomargen) during the Mesozoic. The observations on the northern side of the Yelmo are complemented, from the same viewpoint, by that of the "Segura de la Sierra Court," which shows a section covering the Jurassic and Cretaceous, and which is accessible by the asphalt forest track that leads inside the Segura Sierra from the Segura de la Sierra population.

Source: Inventory of Georresources of Andalusia. Environmental Council. Junta de Andalusia.

The stratigraphic section of the South Yelm is a magnificent example of the materials of the Aptiene-Ambient of the Prebetic. The Aptiense is essentially represented by limestone, of facies that vary between lacustre / palustres (carbonous) and of somere platform, both protected (lagoon), and open (coral reef).

The Albibe is made up of an alternation of carbonates (limestones and dolomies) and terrogenes (margas, clays and sands), from coastal to shallow marine environments. The faces represented are very rich and varied, at certain levels with a very well developed cyclicity. The content in fossils is extraordinarily rich, both in marine fauna and corals, lamelibranchios (rudists and ostreides), foraminiferous (e.g. orbitolinides), as well as fresh water (caraceous algae).

Source: Inventory of Georresources of Andalusia. Environmental Council. Junta de Andalusia.

These lines correspond to the Treaty of the Mountain, studied by the Duke of Almazan, a document that some researchers attribute to Jorge Manrique. To talk about the 15th century in the Sierra de Segura is to talk about the Manrique family and the border period. A situation in which attacks and responses by Christians and Muslims were frequent. This danger and the border situation can only be seen by entering Segura de la Sierra: remains of walls, towers, entrance doors and on top of the hill, the watchful castle.

The Visits Books of the Order of Santiago described in the late 15th century the castle of Segura de la Sierra as a military compound with weapons to face a siege or, if necessary, to organize a village to attack the enemy. We cannot forget that in 1434 Rodrigo Manrique organized a village to conquer Huécar in the Altiplano granadino.

In Segura de la Sierra, taking advantage of this privileged position and under the security offered by its walls is where Jorge Manrique was raised under the care of his mother, Mrs. Mencía de Figueroa, in the house that still today is preserved five hundred years later.

The predominant geology is the secondary limestone that causes soils of generally poor characteristics and occupied by populations of Pinus halepensis (Pino carrasco), performed during the 1950s.

This is a natural space that traditionally provides a public service for leisure activities, especially to the municipality of Jaén.

When we enter the fields of Hernán Pelea we are open to the landscape, and we will discover true vegetable monuments that charge a large extent of soil.

The rake savannas colonize the rocky soils, so we find them in the scarves and cresteries, as well as in the highest of the summits. On the contrary, rake juniors prefer more developed soils, although it is not difficult to see them together. They are very long-lived species, being able to reach 1000 years of age. They do not raise much from the ground, rarely more than a meter high, but a single example can extend more than 20 m ².

They are almost mono-specific plant formations, that is, of a single dominant species, to which only some salgarean pine (Pinus nigra salzmannii), thorns (Berberis vulgaris australis) and on the slopes some maple (Acer granatense) or mustard (Sobus aria) are accompanied. But in the summit areas, the rareras are the queens of the landscape, competing with piornal and lastonar.

These two species came to our saws with the glaciations of the Quaternary. Today, with a more arid climate, they only survive in the highest and coldest of the mountains. Their regeneration is difficult and scarce, and they are also used as food by herbivores, so their future is not the most flattering.

LOCATION

Following the track that goes into the fields of Hernán Perea from Don Domingo, we take the one that goes through the rample of Juan Fría, in which is the Galapan pine, we overcome it and as we pass through the cortijo of the Pinadilla, we are opened a splendid sabinar rastrero.