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Beas de Segura

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Id
725377
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Descripción
Breve descripción

A town located to the north-east of the province, between Sierra Morena and the Sierra de Segura, with a landscape of large olive groves and mountain areas. Part of its term is included in the Natural Park of the Sierras de Cazorla, Segura and Las Villas, the largest protected space in Spain: the orographic labyrinth of valleys, calares, tachos, mountains and altiplanos of great hydrological importance (because of the large amount of rivers and streams that they handle); botany (lario pine, carrasco pine, black pine and many endemic species); faunistico-cynetic and landscape.

From all of which it follows that it is one of the most visited and frequented natural spaces in the country. In its term is the Embalse del Tranco de Beas, one of the most beautiful places in the entire Park. The urban core has a quiet, white and harmonious aspect, in which elements such as the Convent of the Carmelites, the Mocchio Bridge, the Parish of Our Lady of the Assumption and the Palace of the Sandovales stand out.

Telecomunicaciones
Teléfono
953 424 000
Sitio web
www.beasdesegura.es
Correo electrónico
turismo@beasdesegura.es
Ubicación
Nombre
Beas de Segura
Latitud
38.252530
Longitud
-2.889850
Distrito
Municipio
Ubicación en el mapa
POINT (-2.88985 38.25253)
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Información adicional
Curiosidades
  • http://www.turismobeasdesegura.es/
  • turismobeas@gmail.com
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Datos de interés

Tourist area: Serras de Cazorla, Segura and the Villas
Distance to the capital (km): 121
Altitude over sea level (m): 600
Extension (Km2): 155
Number of inhabitants: 5591
Gentilicon: Beassians
Postal code: 23280

Videos
Video file
Cultura

Few villas may presume to have been a source of poetic inspiration from some of the most universal literates. St. Teresa of Jesus, St. John of the Cross or Francis of Quevedo were captivated by the places they found in Beas de Segura, the main population core of the Sierra de Segura, with a strategic location and a legacy full of history.

The municipality also belongs to the pedanias of Cañada Catena, Cuevas de Ambrosio, Cazona, Los Santiagos, Cortijo de las Piedras and Prados de Armijo among others. Arroyo del Ojanco also belonged to Beas de Segura, until its segregation in 2001.

It is the most inhabited municipality of the Sierra de Segura region, also one of the entrance doors to the Natural Park on the road A-314 (Segura-Cortijos Nuevos), once the National 322 (Crta. Cordoba-Valencia) has been abandoned.

Beas is a bridge that links the Campo de Montiel with the Alto Guadalquivir and forced passage from Baja Andalucía to Levante. Its name comes from the Latin term Veha which means way or way, because it is located at the crossing of three Roman tracks that are headed for the Sierra, the Levante and the County. It's across the Beas River.

It has 35 archaeological sites in its term that give proof of its history. In the urban centre we will find medieval architecture, historical of the late 19th, etc. Beas de Segura also has villages that are a delight for the visitor.

We highlight the following points of interest:

  • The Carmelite Convent.Here was the first foundation of St. Teresa of Jesus in Andalusia in 1575. Three years later, San Juan de la Cruz arrived. A Renaissance style in his church stands out as a major altarpiece.
  • Mocchio Bridge.Located on the Guadalimar River, this bridge that belonged to the new Via Augusta, is made of limestone masonry. Paleolithic materials have been found nearby. Divide Beas from the neighbor Chiclana de Segura.
  • Church of the Assumption.It is of medieval origin, but was rebuilt in 1825 after the burning it suffered years earlier. In the 14th century the chapel was built where the gentlemen who made the incursion into the Nazarite territory of Granada were buried.
  • Uceda Street.The historical architecture representative of the 19th century is altered in this way with neo-Arab elements with classical and Renaissance lexicographs. To highlight another house with califal references with horseshoe arches and scones.

 

Naturaleza

In its municipal term the traveller is surprised with a landscape of valleys and mountains surrounded by a true sea of olive trees. The orography of the term is very rugged by the countless valleys and mountains that settle. Mountains such as Pico Corencia, Eagle Stone, Cerro de la Hoyera or Las Zanjas, with heights above 1,000 meters, and places such as the Water Cave (very close to the village and divided into two orchards communicated by a small but deep lake).

The areas of the Soto, Palananas, Buenamar, Aceres, Buzo de la Nieve or Fuente Pinilla are also important and deserve the attention of nature lovers and hiking. No less suggestive is the Mirador de las Maravillas, in the direction of the village of Cañada Catena, a limestone escarpe over the valley of the Beas River that gives name to the cortijo, used as rural accommodation.

Another of the attractions of the municipality is the aerodrome of El Cornicabral, located in the N-322, about five kilometres from the city centre of Beas. It has two cross-tracks of 1,500 and 700 metres long, two hangars for 800 and 600 square metres aircraft and free camping area with service building.

 

Fiestas y Eventos

On January 23, the eve of the day of Our Lady of Peace where the lumbres burn in all the corners of the town while tasting typical products. After Holy Week The big local party is taking place. From 22 to 25 April the parties of San Marcos that bring together thousands of people from the most diverse backgrounds around the running of bravas, soaked in the streets of the town.

Although the first skirmishes, for the younger ones, begin on the afternoon of the 23rd, the adrenaline is fired when, one after another, the reses are jumping into the sand. Bulls and cows, between clouds of dust and screams of the spectators to see almost the hundred that, during the afternoon of the 24 and all the day 25, will walk the streets led by squadrons to care for and guide them with a rope of between 10 and 25 meters. After the summer period with the festivities of its different villages already held, ends the festive cycle with the fair and parties from 17 to 20 September in honor of the Our Lady of Peace.
 

Gastronomía

Beas was always a land of passage for the transhuman pastors who crossed the manchegan lands looking for the pastures of the south for their cattle.

The fruit of this pastoral heritage, in Beas, the pastoralist cakes, made of flour, water and salt and amassed in a curted sheep or goat skin that the pastor carried on his journey, have been preserved. These cakes are the basis of other masses that are incorporated into the peas, such as the andrajos or galians, where the mass is cooked next to the hunting meat and sometimes with pieces of cod.

To highlight also the Easter bannazos, with several eggs cooked.
 

Historia

Beas de Segura is a villa full of history. Their occupation is documented from the Lower Paleolithic. It was in Roman times that Beas was consolidated as an urban core. From that time there are many tracks, such as villas, streets or the emblematic Mocho Bridge.

During the Islamic period, the stage of the highest splendor of Beas was reached in the time of Abdeleran III where it was part of the great district of the Alpujarra and Elvira. From that time it was its fortified enclosure, now already missing. Fernando III conquered Beas between 1224 and 1227 by joining her in the Crown of Castile, giving as an award to his Chancellor Don Juan, Bishop of Osma, the castle and the Villa of Beas, and this in turn the exchange with the Master of Santiago in exchange for inheritance. The title of Villa and other privileges received it in 1239, and in the 16th century, according to the Topographic Relations of Philip II, Beas appears as a flourishing economic center in the area of Segura, with a strong agricultural activity.

After the Reconquista was first included in the territorial demarcation of Toledo and within the Order of Santiago's Order, then passed to the Dependence of the Governor of Segura. Thus he was part of the Segura Common and all his territory was governed by the Ordinances. It was a crossroads of roads, hence its primitive name of Veha (way or way). Here are the three Roman tracks that were heading for the mountains, the Levante and El Condado.

At present, Beas is one of the main economic centres of the Sierra de Segura, whose region presupposes pride despite the fact that in the past it did not belong to the Segura Encomandación. Through the Beas River, the town is on horseback between the Sierra de Segura and the lands of El Condado and Sierra Morena. Beas de Segura offers the traveller a legacy impregnated in history, as demonstrated by the 35 archaeological sites located in its term.

The oldest pieces, including those of the Mocchio Bridge, are preserved in the archaeological section of the Provincial Museum. Beas is one of the doors of the Natural Park of the Sierras de Cazorla, Segura and Las Villas and an excellent starting point for entering the interior of these majestic lands.

Before, the traveller can walk his urban town, between narrow and tortuous streets that bear witness to a rich medieval and historical architecture of the late 19th century, such as Ángel Uceda Street and the building of the Old Carniceria. However, his main monumental claim is the Convent of the Descalzas Carmelites, which Saint Teresa of Jesus founded in houses owned by Catherine Maria de Sandoval and Godínez.

In a Renaissance style, the convent has a baroque cover and is structured with the classic half-point arch on imposts, with mensula in the key and rosettes. On the friso with triglyphs there is a split fronton and shields that frame the pilasters and bake with San José and El Niño. On the niche, the shield of the Order. A large triangular front and pinnacles kill the facade.

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Literatura

An appeal that captivated the greatest mystic poets: Santa Teresa, for whom this land was "most delightful and of a fine climate," and San Juan de la Cruz, who was constantly travelling to and from Beas from the various places his duties took him. 

The presence in the town of illustrious figures such as Santa Teresa de Jesús, San Juan de la Cruz and Ana de Jesús reinforces Beas's importance in the reform of the Carmelite Order.

Baeza

Submitted by brandcode_deweloper on
Id
725103
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Breve descripción

Baeza is located in the same geographical centre of the province of Jaén, located in the region of the Loma of which its western capital is considered.

Located near the Guadalquivir River, in a landscape of fertile land of orchards, olive groves and cereal. The absence of non-agricultural land reduces the areas of natural interest to the Guadalquivir River and the wetlands of the Lagoon Grande, of great ecological wealth and the largest in the province.

Baeza is a city where the Renaissance is shown in all its splendor, in both civil and religious monuments: palaces and churches that alternate with white houses, portades, porticos, towers, squares and fountains.

Its period of splendor dates back to the 16th and 17th centuries, although the city has been outstanding since remote times.

Telecomunicaciones
Teléfono
953 740 150
Sitio web
www.baeza.net
Correo electrónico
sac@baeza.net
Ubicación
Nombre
Baeza
Latitud
37.995930
Longitud
-3.474130
Municipio
Ubicación en el mapa
POINT (-3.47413 37.99593)
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Información adicional
Curiosidades

Oficina de Turismo
Plaza del Pópulo, s/n, 23440
953 779 982
otbaeza@andalucia.org

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Datos de interés

Tourist area: Ubeda / Baeza
Distance to the capital (km): 48
Altitude over sea level (m): 769
Extension (Km2): 194
Number of inhabitants: 16012
Gentilicon: Baezanos
Postal code: 23440

Videos
Video file
Cultura

To understand today's Baeza, we have to go back to the first inhabitants who settled in the place known as the Alcázar hill, in the Bronze Age, evolving to the Iberian city Viatia or Vivatia, passing to the Roman era, when Biatia was one of the most important cities.

It would be the Muslims who made up the city's murary limits, some of which were remade in the 16th century. After the Christian conquest the epoch of splendor of Baeza begins. The new Christian Baeza begins to grow out of the world, where religious buildings are the most representative.

  • The Cathedral. It is the most representative building in the square. In this enclave there could have been a Roman temple, over which Muslims raise a mosque and, in 1227, under the Marian advocation of the "Nativity", the cathedralicia headquarters is erected. In the 16th century, a reform is carried out, which will be the one that prints the Vandelvirian Renaissance seal to the building. The cover was drawn in 1587 by Juan Bautista Villalpando with "relief of the Nativity of the Virgin." The base of the tower is believed to be the mosque's miner, adding in time of Vandelvira the body of the bells and the deck.
  • Church of Santa Cruz. This work dates from 13th century, of late Romanesque style and preserved after the Christian conquest. The exterior is austere, highlighting its two covers with half-point arquivolts. The interior consists of three ships.
  • Ruins of the convent of San Francisco(extracamides). This work could have been one of the most important of the Andalusian Renaissance, but a number of misfortunes have prevented it, among these, the Lisbon earthquake of 1775 that brought down the vault of the major chapel. In this funeral and conventual complex, Vandelvira developed all its genius. The Latin cross church, which is accessed by a half-point arch that frames the entire cover, still remains with the relief of San Francisco and a tondo with the Virgin, which now give way to a large auditorium.
  • Old House of Correction and Prison, current City Hall(extracamides). It was built in 1520 as a prison at the request of Charles I. Since 1867 it has been home to the City Council. It is composed of the prison, with a more sober cover on which Justice and Charity are represented, and the house of the corridor with rich silver decoration. On the upper floor we find tripartite balconies with the shields of Philip II, the corridor and the city. It is topped with cornice decorated with membranes highlighted with figures. The Salon de Plenos has a Renaissance potter (horizontal and intertwined wooden ceiling) from the convent of San Antonio.
  • Church of St. Andrew. Building from the early 16th century, which held the title of a schoolgirl from 1764 to 1852. The silver-style cover, next to the square tower, stands out. The interior is a large main ship made up of arches pointed with side chapels.
  • Jabalfifth Palace.In front of the church of Santa Cruz, the Jabalfifth palace, one of the highest exponents of the isabelin Gothic style, was built in the late 15th century. The isabelin Gothic We find it on the outside, with decoration based on diamond tips, pineapple nails, fronts, florons, ties, pinacles, mocaronas and heraldic shields. The facade it is overcome with five arches of half-point Renaissance period, as well as the courtyard of the late 16th century. Today it is the seat of the Antonio Machado International University.
  • The St. Mary's Square, Baezan monumental heart, concentrates the largest number of monuments: the cathedral, the conistorial houses, the fountain of Saint Mary; the seminary of St. Philip Neri, with its picturesque facade plagued with cheers, current headquarters of the International University of Andalusia or the house-palace of Rubin de Ceballos, behind the cathedral.
  • The Populo Square, framed by the door of Jaén and the arch of Villalar, is one of the most emblematic squares of the city, where we find the plateresque cover building of the old Escribanías, today the headquarters of the tourist office of the Junta de Andalucía, the old Carnicerías and the source of the Lions in the center.
     
Naturaleza

Baeza is located in a dominant place in the region of the Loma and on the right bank of the Guadalquivir River. The city is located on three hills and the small valley that remain in the middle, in a rather high position over the Guadalquivir valley, a situation conducive to being a very important square in ancient times. It is surrounded by the Guadalquivir rivers to the south and Guadalimar to the north.

A site that as we walk through the walls allows us to contemplate the immense sea of olive trees that is presented to us all around us. From the sights of this walk, you can see the beautiful picture of the Guadalquivir valley, the extensive olive trees, the Cazorla saw, the Segura and Sierra Mágina saw, with the villages of Jimena, Mancha Real, Bedmar and Garciez in the distance.

The predominant vegetation is the olive tree, but next to the river and the lagoon Grande we find what we call the gallery forest: white, mimberas, tarais, black, and other species of bushes. A vegetation that with the change of the seasons draw a color brush in the landscape, especially in the autumn season.

The fauna of the town is the one of the Jienese countryside: hares, rabbits, deer, foxes, parrots, quail... They are also easy to see the storks and a wide variety of prey birds. Without forgetting the fauna that lives next to the river line and in the vicinity of the lagoon Grande.

The absence of non-agricultural land reduces areas of natural interest to the river margins and to the wetlands of the Great Lagoon with a special ecological interest.

  • Laguna Grande: This permanent lagoon that suffers significant level fluctuations, is fed from the Torres River through irrigation channels. Precisely for maintaining water during summers, this wetland is particularly important for waterbirds, it is an ideal place for food and shelter. Around the water, in addition to the vegetation of carrizos, spadañas and juncos stands out the presence of tarajes, alamos, fresnos and zarzas, where there is plenty of the visitor and I shelter the fauna of the place, among which we can mention: common fence, real anade or common porron, highlighting the fly bird, where we can see the nests of this small bird, hanging from the trees of this natural place. The locals of both the Bishop's Bridge and Baeza are willing to visit this beautiful natural site.

 

Fiestas y Eventos

Among the parties with the most roots among the neighbors of Baeza, we highlight:

  • La Candelariaon February 2. On the eve of the feast of the Holy One celebrates the Candelaria, typical of the blessing of the donuts of Saint Blas, protector of the throat, in the parish of El Salvador.
  • Holy Week. Between Andalusian and Spanish, the Holy Week of Baeza, declared of National Tourist Interest, stands out for the artistic richness of its steps. About 20 cofradies process through its streets and squares, in this jewel of the Andalusian Renaissance. Its creation dates back to the 16th century, when the co-fradia of the Vera Cruz, one of the oldest in Andalusia and Spain, emerged. One of the most beautiful moments of Baezan Holy Week, occurs on the morning of Good Friday, with the departure of the fellowship of Our Father Jesus Nazarene and the Cross of St. Helena, better known by the name "El Paso"; when the Nazarene Christ gives the blessing to his mother, through an articulated mechanism, when the images are crossed.
  • May CrossesMay 1. In different plazoletas and neighborhoods of the old town, altars are covered with the only theme of the exaltation of the Holy Cross.
  • Annual city fair. It is celebrated on August 15, the feast of its patron saint, Santa María del Alcázar.
  • Romeria de la Yedra. It is celebrated around the feast of the Nativity of the Virgin (8 September).
  • The Yedra, a pastry of Baeza, located 7 km. to the north of this, and where there is the Marian sanctuary of Our Lady of the Rosel and the Holy Christ of the Yedra. The Romeria itself is celebrated on Saturday day 7, the day when the Virgin travels through the city of Baeza and goes back to her shrine of La Yedra, accompanied by horses, carriages, reels and carrots, all covered with flowers.
  • Corpus Christi. With reminiscent of the 15th and 16th centuries. Procedural custody is certainly the goldsmiths of the city.

The annual calendar of celebrations is completed with the festivities of San Isidro Labrador, the pattern of farmers, Saint Christopher, pattern of the driving industry,Our Lady of Carmen and Council parties of Baeza in honor of San Andrés.

 

Gastronomía

The gastronomic culture is based on its history and geography. In many of its dishes you can find cultivated influences of Roman, Jewish, Islamic, Moorish and Mudejar cuisine.

The traditional cuisine is merged with the seasons and with the festivities, as well as the basic raw materials of the earth and all irrigated with the liquid gold of the olive fields of Baeza.

Among the indigenous dishes are:

  • The orza loin. It is a typical dish of the slaughter, which is used as a preservative, frying the fresh back on a slow heat in its own butter to which different spices, nails, cinnamon, pepper... are added... and then introduced into the orza. It is also done with the chorizos of the slaughter and thus are preserved all winter.
  • Cod to the baezan. In a saffrito of onion, tomato, peas and roasted peppers made from strips, you will add the already fried cod.
  • Pipirrana. In which peppers, tomatoes, garlic, onions and olive oil are used. A refreshing dish that can't be missed in summer.
  • Andrajos. Red pepper, green pepper, onion, garlic, laurel, olive oil, pepper, white wine, vegetables and hare or rabbit. All flavoured with peppermint. For the dough, flour and water.
  • "Sick-cooked"or" dizzy chickpeas, "a dish that tries to take advantage of the remains of another meal. In a pan with oil we chopped onion and added the chickpeas, which when mixed with the spoon are broken. It is added fried tomato and eggs that are mixed and cut.
  • "Eyes." or "Masoil". It consists of a bread of extra virgin oil, pepper and anise. The name comes from being the eighth part of the mass of a bread.

Warehouse:

  • Virolos, typical pebbles.
  • Butter cakes with nuts.
  • Torrijas, a way to take advantage of the bread left over.
  • Fried milk: It's about bounced and fried milk.
  • Papajotes, It's a frying pan. A mass of fried flour and bounced with sugar and cinnamon.
  • Oil ice cream, with milk, sugar, egg yolks and oil ingredients.

 

Historia

Atalaya over the Guadalquivir valley, its alcázar assured the Spanish rear in the constant threat of the Islamic kingdoms located to the west and south of Guadalquivir.

Baeza is now known for its olive production, its abundant monumental legacy (declared World Heritage by Unesco in 2003) and for hosting the International University of Andalusia.

Its main economic activity is agriculture, linked to the olive and the olive industry, although monumental tourism has developed the activity of the hotel.

Its churches, palaces and towers are a monumental set in which the different architectural styles take place, although the Renaissance and the Gothic isabelin are of particular importance. From its rich architectural heritage, it stands out the cathedral (16th century), the church of Santa Cruz (13th century), the convent of San Francisco, the City Hall and the church of San Andrés, all of the 16th century.

In short, the historic centre of Baeza is one of the most important monumental ensembles of the world renaissance.

 

Culture

To understand today's Baeza, we have to go back to the first inhabitants who settled in the place known as the Alcázar hill, in the Bronze Age, evolving to the Iberian city Viatia or Vivatia, passing to the Roman era, when Biatia was one of the most important cities.

It would be the Muslims who made up the city's murary limits, some of which were remade in the 16th century. After the Christian conquest the epoch of splendor of Baeza begins. The new Christian Baeza begins to grow out of the world, where religious buildings are the most representative.

  • The Cathedral. It is the most representative building in the square. In this enclave there could have been a Roman temple, over which Muslims raise a mosque and, in 1227, under the Marian advocation of the "Nativity", the cathedralicia headquarters is erected. In the 16th century, a reform is carried out, which will be the one that prints the Vandelvirian Renaissance seal to the building. The cover was drawn in 1587 by Juan Bautista Villalpando with "relief of the Nativity of the Virgin." The base of the tower is believed to be the mosque's miner, adding in time of Vandelvira the body of the bells and the deck.
  • Church of Santa Cruz. This work dates from 13th century, of late Romanesque style and preserved after the Christian conquest. The exterior is austere, highlighting its two covers with half-point arquivolts. The interior consists of three ships.
  • Ruins of the convent of San Francisco(extracamides). This work could have been one of the most important of the Andalusian Renaissance, but a number of misfortunes have prevented it, among these, the Lisbon earthquake of 1775 that brought down the vault of the major chapel. In this funeral and conventual complex, Vandelvira developed all its genius. The Latin cross church, which is accessed by a half-point arch that frames the entire cover, still remains with the relief of San Francisco and a tondo with the Virgin, which now give way to a large auditorium.
  • Old House of Correction and Prison, current City Hall(extracamides). It was built in 1520 as a prison at the request of Charles I. Since 1867 it has been home to the City Council. It is composed of the prison, with a more sober cover on which Justice and Charity are represented, and the house of the corridor with rich silver decoration. On the upper floor we find tripartite balconies with the shields of Philip II, the corridor and the city. It is topped with cornice decorated with membranes highlighted with figures. The Salon de Plenos has a Renaissance potter (horizontal and intertwined wooden ceiling) from the convent of San Antonio.
  • Church of St. Andrew. Building from the early 16th century, which held the title of a schoolgirl from 1764 to 1852. The silver-style cover, next to the square tower, stands out. The interior is a large main ship made up of arches pointed with side chapels.
  • Jabalfifth Palace.In front of the church of Santa Cruz, the Jabalfifth palace, one of the highest exponents of the isabelin Gothic style, was built in the late 15th century. The isabelin Gothic We find it on the outside, with decoration based on diamond tips, pineapple nails, fronts, florons, ties, pinacles, mocaronas and heraldic shields. The facade it is overcome with five arches of half-point Renaissance period, as well as the courtyard of the late 16th century. Today it is the seat of the Antonio Machado International University.
  • The St. Mary's Square, Baezan monumental heart, concentrates the largest number of monuments: the cathedral, the conistorial houses, the fountain of Saint Mary; the seminary of St. Philip Neri, with its picturesque facade plagued with cheers, current headquarters of the International University of Andalusia or the house-palace of Rubin de Ceballos, behind the cathedral.
  • The Populo Square, framed by the door of Jaén and the arch of Villalar, is one of the most emblematic squares of the city, where we find the plateresque cover building of the old Escribanías, today the headquarters of the tourist office of the Junta de Andalucía, the old Carnicerías and the source of the Lions in the center.
     

Nature

Baeza is located in a dominant place in the region of the Loma and on the right bank of the Guadalquivir River. The city is located on three hills and the small valley that remain in the middle, in a rather high position over the Guadalquivir valley, a situation conducive to being a very important square in ancient times. It is surrounded by the Guadalquivir rivers to the south and Guadalimar to the north.

A site that as we walk through the walls allows us to contemplate the immense sea of olive trees that is presented to us all around us. From the sights of this walk, you can see the beautiful picture of the Guadalquivir valley, the extensive olive trees, the Cazorla saw, the Segura and Sierra Mágina saw, with the villages of Jimena, Mancha Real, Bedmar and Garciez in the distance.

The predominant vegetation is the olive tree, but next to the river and the lagoon Grande we find what we call the gallery forest: white, mimberas, tarais, black, and other species of bushes. A vegetation that with the change of the seasons draw a color brush in the landscape, especially in the autumn season.

The fauna of the town is the one of the Jienese countryside: hares, rabbits, deer, foxes, parrots, quail... They are also easy to see the storks and a wide variety of prey birds. Without forgetting the fauna that lives next to the river line and in the vicinity of the lagoon Grande.

The absence of non-agricultural land reduces areas of natural interest to the river margins and to the wetlands of the Great Lagoon with a special ecological interest.

  • Laguna Grande: This permanent lagoon that suffers significant level fluctuations, is fed from the Torres River through irrigation channels. Precisely for maintaining water during summers, this wetland is particularly important for waterbirds, it is an ideal place for food and shelter. Around the water, in addition to the vegetation of carrizos, spadañas and juncos stands out the presence of tarajes, alamos, fresnos and zarzas, where there is plenty of the visitor and I shelter the fauna of the place, among which we can mention: common fence, real anade or common porron, highlighting the fly bird, where we can see the nests of this small bird, hanging from the trees of this natural place. The locals of both the Bishop's Bridge and Baeza are willing to visit this beautiful natural site.

 

Celebrations and Events

Among the parties with the most roots among the neighbors of Baeza, we highlight:

  • La Candelariaon February 2. On the eve of the feast of the Holy One celebrates the Candelaria, typical of the blessing of the donuts of Saint Blas, protector of the throat, in the parish of El Salvador.
  • Holy Week. Between Andalusian and Spanish, the Holy Week of Baeza, declared of National Tourist Interest, stands out for the artistic richness of its steps. About 20 cofradies process through its streets and squares, in this jewel of the Andalusian Renaissance. Its creation dates back to the 16th century, when the co-fradia of the Vera Cruz, one of the oldest in Andalusia and Spain, emerged. One of the most beautiful moments of Baezan Holy Week, occurs on the morning of Good Friday, with the departure of the fellowship of Our Father Jesus Nazarene and the Cross of St. Helena, better known by the name "El Paso"; when the Nazarene Christ gives the blessing to his mother, through an articulated mechanism, when the images are crossed.
  • May CrossesMay 1. In different plazoletas and neighborhoods of the old town, altars are covered with the only theme of the exaltation of the Holy Cross.
  • Annual city fair. It is celebrated on August 15, the feast of its patron saint, Santa María del Alcázar.
  • Romeria de la Yedra. It is celebrated around the feast of the Nativity of the Virgin (8 September).
  • The Yedra, a pastry of Baeza, located 7 km. to the north of this, and where there is the Marian sanctuary of Our Lady of the Rosel and the Holy Christ of the Yedra. The Romeria itself is celebrated on Saturday day 7, the day when the Virgin travels through the city of Baeza and goes back to her shrine of La Yedra, accompanied by horses, carriages, reels and carrots, all covered with flowers.
  • Corpus Christi. With reminiscent of the 15th and 16th centuries. Procedural custody is certainly the goldsmiths of the city.

The annual calendar of celebrations is completed with the festivities of San Isidro Labrador, the pattern of farmers, Saint Christopher, pattern of the driving industry,Our Lady of Carmen and Council parties of Baeza in honor of San Andrés.

 

Gastronomy

The gastronomic culture is based on its history and geography. In many of its dishes you can find cultivated influences of Roman, Jewish, Islamic, Moorish and Mudejar cuisine.

The traditional cuisine is merged with the seasons and with the festivities, as well as the basic raw materials of the earth and all irrigated with the liquid gold of the olive fields of Baeza.

Among the indigenous dishes are:

  • The orza loin. It is a typical dish of the slaughter, which is used as a preservative, frying the fresh back on a slow heat in its own butter to which different spices, nails, cinnamon, pepper... are added... and then introduced into the orza. It is also done with the chorizos of the slaughter and thus are preserved all winter.
  • Cod to the baezan. In a saffrito of onion, tomato, peas and roasted peppers made from strips, you will add the already fried cod.
  • Pipirrana. In which peppers, tomatoes, garlic, onions and olive oil are used. A refreshing dish that can't be missed in summer.
  • Andrajos. Red pepper, green pepper, onion, garlic, laurel, olive oil, pepper, white wine, vegetables and hare or rabbit. All flavoured with peppermint. For the dough, flour and water.
  • "Sick-cooked"or" dizzy chickpeas, "a dish that tries to take advantage of the remains of another meal. In a pan with oil we chopped onion and added the chickpeas, which when mixed with the spoon are broken. It is added fried tomato and eggs that are mixed and cut.
  • "Eyes." or "Masoil". It consists of a bread of extra virgin oil, pepper and anise. The name comes from being the eighth part of the mass of a bread.

Warehouse:

  • Virolos, typical pebbles.
  • Butter cakes with nuts.
  • Torrijas, a way to take advantage of the bread left over.
  • Fried milk: It's about bounced and fried milk.
  • Papajotes, It's a frying pan. A mass of fried flour and bounced with sugar and cinnamon.
  • Oil ice cream, with milk, sugar, egg yolks and oil ingredients.

 

History

It's in the Copper age, 3rd millennium BC, when they appear the first villages. Most of them were walled and their economy was based on agriculture and livestock.

In the Iberian period, 7th century BC, the hill of the Alcázar is considered a consolidated town.

During the 2nd and 1st centuries BC, in full Roman Empire, appears in several sources as Vivatia or Biatia. It acquires great importance due to its location, as it is a mandatory step on the commercial route Catulo - Málaga.

The territory of Biatia would be occupied in the second decade of the eighth century by Muslim troops. This time the city is known as Bayyasa.

Christian kings will take the city and lose it again on several occasions. But it will be Fernando III "the Holy One" who finally conquered it in 1227, and considered it as a bridge head in the reconquest of Al-Andalus, for this reason it is given to the city of privileges and a court, the "Fuero de Cuenca."

The presence of the Catholic Church is restored, establishing in Baeza the episcopal seat in the 13th century. From this date on, the most important religious and conventual orders were present in the city.

It will be in the 16th century when Baeza reaches its maximum architectural splendor with the foundation of the University, among other public buildings of interest. The apogee will continue in the 17th century, is the century of the greatest conventional apogee.

The 18th century will be of decline. With the war of Baeza Independence, he suffers considerable human and economic losses. Excessive demands and contributions would also help. The deamortization of Mendizábal, which brought the disappearance of the convents, was very remarkable.

The mainly agricultural economy, increases production and increases the area dedicated to olive trees to the detriment of other arable crops.

In 1966Baeza was declared "Historical-Artistic Set", which was a take-off in tourism services, increased by the Declaration in 2003 by UNESCO, in Baeza as World Heritage.

University tradition is recovering with headquarters Antonio Machado of the International University of Andalusia.
 

Otra información

Other monuments that form part of their heritage are:

  • Old college.
  • Old Seminary of San Felipe Neri.
  • Casa Estudio de Manuel Garrido.
  • Museum of Baeza.
  • Casa-studio Diego Lozano, Father Sifon.
  • Antonio Moreno Museum.
  • Museum of the Olivo Culture.
  • Old Carniceries.
  • Civil Audience and Public Writings 16th Century.
  • Gaspar Becerra Exhibition Room.
  • Church of El Salvador
  • Church of St. Paul
  • Forgiveness door and streets adjacent to the Cathedral.
     
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Literatura

The city has had a great influence on distinguished authors such as Antonio Machado and Federico García Lorca, who had a momentous meeting here.

Not forgetting the important presence of San Juan de la Cruz in Baeza and the family ties linking Jorge Manrique to this town.

Arjonilla

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723638
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Descripción
Breve descripción

Municipality located to the northwest of the province and belonging to the region of La Campiña.

Eminently agricultural, since almost all of its surface is cultivated land, dominated by the olive tree. We found Arjonilla between a sea of olive trees and a wavy territory, without any relief accidents.

Its main source of income is the collection of olive oil, the production of olive oil, which has developed an important oil industry and the artisan decorative ceramic of high quality, variety and style. It's famous for its clay.

From its historical heritage, we highlight the Castle of Macias, Church of the IncarnationThe House of the Court, Hermitage of Jesus, Palace of the Marquis de la Merced, among others.

Telecomunicaciones
Teléfono
953 52 01 11
Sitio web
www.arjonilla.es
Correo electrónico
ayuntamiento@ayuntamientodearjonilla.es
Ubicación
Nombre
Arjonilla
Latitud
37.974090
Longitud
-4.106840
Distrito
Municipio
Ubicación en el mapa
POINT (-4.10684 37.97409)
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Información adicional
Curiosidades

Oficina de Turismo
Avd. Andalucía, 13. 
oficinaturismo@ayuntamientodearjonilla.es
953520410 

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Datos de interés

Tourist area: Sierra Morena / Sierras de Andújar and Despeñacolos
Distance to the capital (km): 53
Altitude over sea level (m): 348
Extension (Km2): 42
Number of inhabitants: 3876
Gentilice: Arjonilleros
Postal code: 23750

Videos
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Cultura
  • The Castle of Macías: It's the most representative medieval building Arjonilla. This medieval fortification was built on an Arab fortress of 8th century. Its most outstanding and ancient element is the Tower of Tribute dating from the 13th century, from a chair with regular chains, it is based on a square-based rock socket. It has three plants that reach 17 meters high. The rest of the compound was erected in the 15th century by the Order of Calatrava. In the form of an irregular polygon of seven sides, three in relative good condition are preserved. This castle is not famous for the war that took place in it, but because in its tower of tribute he lived in prison and died. Macias el Enamorado, whose loves inspired the works of Lope de Vega, "Porfiar to die" and Mariano José de Larra. "Don Enrique the Dollient's maiden." Since 2005 included in the Route of Castles and Battles dand the Diputación de Jaén.It was declared Good of Cultural Interest in 1985.
  • Church of the Incarnation: It was built following the Gothic style from the early 16th century. Its plant consists of three ships separated by cruciform pillars and covered with a mudejar roof that in the 18th century was camouflaged with false cross vaults. The chorus and the mannerist altarpiece were destroyed in the 1936 Civil War and later restored. The sacristy is accessed by a plateresque cover. It has a pantheon and side chapels, built between the 17th and 18th centuries. Highlights the size of the tower of octagonal structure and traces mannerist, raised at the foot of the church in the early 17th century. The cover of the church is discovered behind a large half-point arch of silery at the start of the tower. It was declared an Artistic Historical Monument in 1983.
  • House of the Court: Known as Old Town Hall is the more interesting civilian building Arjonilla. Of this building built in the early years of the 17th century, only the facade made of stone is preserved. It has three bodies. In the bass, the door with lintel and wide Tuscan pilasters. In the second one a large balcony flanked by two great mannerist figures, popularly known as "the sticks of sticks" and in the third the shield of the Austrians in the center, the shield of the villa and another place on both sides.
  • The Hermitage of Jesus: Built in the 17th century, retains the cover of its only floor with canyon vault with lunetes. The 18th century facade stands out for its monocrous simplicity of the brick, the ascending verticality of lines and the articulation of spaces. From its interior to highlight the Jesus' shrimp with paintings of this century in the vault.
  • Palacio del Marqués de la Merced: Building of the late 17th century, whose facade has two intellized bodies: on the top it has a forging balcony crowned by a party fronton. It is the seat of the Arjonilla Museum Collections, opened in 2018. It has a room dedicated to the archeology of the municipality, another is the Hall of Historical Ceramic Reproductions of the pottery potter Manuel Bejarano and will shortly have other rooms dedicated to the traditions of Arjonilla to illustrious characters....

Naturaleza

The average altitude of the municipality is 315 m and is located in the surroundings of the Guadalquivir River and the Jandula River. The Arjona Salado stream represents the limit of the municipal term with the city of Andújar in the northeast. Arjonilla is a agricultural municipality, since almost the whole of its surface is a land of cultivation dominated by the olive tree, along with the one that develops a powerful oil industry.

The vegetation in the locality is influenced by agricultural use, which has led to the gradual replacement of the original shrubs and shrubs by olive trees, or by other crops such as wheat or barley. The vegetation of natural origin has therefore been relegated to road cunetas and roads. In the streams we can find remains of river vegetation like canes, tarais and alamos.

In the term of Arjonilla we can distinguish three ecosystems: the olive tree, the banks of the streams with its riverside vegetation and the godparents or liners.

  • The olive tree: The olive tree has an important ecological function. To be the main ecosystemIt's the one that determines most of its fauna. In the old logs of the centenary olive trees find numerous refuge birds, mammals and reptiles. Its fruits are a food of great energy value that takes advantage of the species that live in the olive grove as well as those migratory birds that replenish forces for their long traverses. Among the species that live in a continuous way are: the green and the green in the months of spring and summer, and in winter the curled curled, the red petrored and the common zorzal.
  • Patrons and banks of the streams: The biodiversity of the olive tree increases when, along with it, streams and godparents or lines of Mediterraneanwhere the thick vegetation can develop: carrizos, telfas and tarajes. In this case the number of species increases, both of nesting species and greenhouses: sparrow, common pinzón, jilguero, nightingale, defeat, golondrin, lettuce, corneja... To the list of birds join others amphibians looking for moisture: common toad, green frog, salamander...Reptiles Like the ripple, stair, common lizard...Mammals Like the rabbit, hare, hedgehog, fox, badger...

In the town of Arjonilla we find places of natural interest such as:

  • La Albarrada: This is an old mud quarry next to the city centre. It has an artificial water lagoon very interesting for its ecological function.
  • The Pino and the Marmolejo well: It is the symbolic tree of the town declared a protected landscape element. In its vicinity is the well of Marmolejo, whose construction dates from 1730, as it prays in a tile of the brocal of the well. He brought water to the people of Arjona and Arjonilla.
  • Source of the scribe: It has traditionally been a watershed for animals and pour its water into the stream of the Fountain of the scribe.

Fiestas y Eventos
  • The Candelas of San Antón: on the night of January 16, the eve of Saint Anton, fires are lit so that the Holy One can protect domestic animals.
  • Holy Week: The steps of the Holy Week of Arjonilla are very viscous. Some events such as Palm Sunday with the display of the palms, carried out by people of the village and on Good Friday the act of "unnailing" Christ, procession of the Holy burial and preaching.
  • Corpus Christi: The neighbors decorate some of their streets with vegetable motifs and pastries (heraldic tapestries) and raise beautifully decorated altars for this day. The night before, it's tradition to walk those streets...
  • Romeria de la Virgen de la Cabeza: they feel the arjonilleros special devotion for the Virgin of the Head to whose Romeria they come with their own fellowship.
  • Festival of San Roque, August 16: It is celebrated in honor of San Roque, patron of Arjonilla since the 17th century. During these days, playful activities take place, highlighting the popular verbenas in which you can taste the typical "punch." In the early morning of the 15th, the Virgin of the Rosary's Brotherhood awakens its neighbors with songs of aurora. It is a tradition that dates back to the 16th century. It's tradition to eat this day "bean potage with eggplant." Tradition dating from 1602, when the people of Arjonilla, to win the favors of the Holy One, promised to refrain from eating meat on the day of their holiday.
  • Festivals of the Virgin of the Battle the second Sunday of October: It is organized by three families of the town. The most important act is the drawing of the "Los Cargos," flag, scepter and cane, of the Virgin of the Battles, who is the patron of Arjonilla, received worship in the hermitage of San Roque.
  • Medieval Macy Festivals, Last weekend of September. Medieval market that takes place around the Castle, with many sales posts and many activities, such as exhibition of fighting, cetries, archery, street animation, creative workshops

Gastronomía

The traditional cuisine of Arjonilla is identified with the customs of the region to which it belongs, with some gastronomic particularities, as it can be "the potage of beans with eggplants"that the arjonilleros take the day of their patron's feast, San Roque.

I sing arjonillero: a piece of bread in which a hole is made, to pour olive oil accompanied by crushed tomato, ham, cheese, sausages, olives....

In addition to the traditional gazpachos, the "Salmorejo Old, of clear influence and that is a heavy gazpacho with yolks of eggs cooked and adorned with the clear of them. They are also typical of Arjonilla's kitchen, "skimmed or spun bobbins," "crumbs with stumps" or "chestnut stew"which is prepared for the feast of the Saints on November 1. We can't forget "the Torrijas","The Tickles of San Blas "" the Hole " or "Bread of the Saints.".

Historia

Arjonilla is located in an important archaeological area, the cradle of the Iberian civilization, as the Iberian settlements and funeral cores of the nearby Cerro Venate show. This town must have disappeared around 600 to C. And when centuries later a new nucleus is established it does so in the place that today occupies this town. The existence of clay in the area facilitated the establishment of Roman settlements, proof of this are the material remains found. Also highlight the abundance of Roman coins in the area of San Antón. At this time belongs the stone found in the 19th century and is exposed at the entrance of the bishopric of Jaén. A visionary settlement was also located

For most of his history, It belonged to Arjona, which was conquered by Fernando III around 1244. In the early 14th century, the administrative control of much of the countryside was assumed by the Order of Calatrava and among the fortresses he administered was the castle of Arjonilla. King John II forced the Order to dwell and rebuild the castle in the first half of the 15th century.

The first reference documentary by Arjonilla data of 1282 when the town is given to the archdiacon of Ubeda, forming a lordship, which lasted a few years, as the same archedian, sells it to the village of Arjona. It will be in the 16th century when Arjona gets jurisdictional independenceby Carlos I. From the 17th and 18th centuries the olive tree began to have great relevance In its agricultural landscape, an incipient industry settled in oil mills began. During the War of Independence in 1808, occurred in the term Arjonilla a great battle against the French, prelude to the later battle of Bailen. The industrial activity was encouraged by the arrival of the railway, the improvement of the roads and the installation of the electricity in 1901.

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Arjona

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Id
723497
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Breve descripción

Arjona is a municipality located in the north-west of the province, 44 km. of the capital and belongs to the region of the countryside of Jaén. It has a population of 6,000 and its municipality has an area of 158, 45 km ².

It is an eminently agricultural town with a predominance of olive cultivation. Its economy is based on agricultural activity and the olive industry, although the furniture and pastry industry has a recognized prestige and tradition.

Minor hunting is another of its attractions and the banks of the Salado stream make up areas of natural interest.

In its historical-artistic heritage is the Sanctuary of the Reliquias, designed by Juan de Aranda Salazar in the 17th century; the church of Santa María, from the 15th century and of an isabelin style, built on the remains of a medieval castle of which a aljibe is preserved, included in the Route of the Castles and the Batallas.

Other buildings are: the church of Carmen, from which stands out its Mudejar tower and the church of San Martín and San Juan with a plateresque cover.

Telecomunicaciones
Teléfono
953 523 325
Sitio web
www.arjona.es
Fax
953 523 641
Correo electrónico
consistorio@ayto-arjona.com
Ubicación
Nombre
Arjona
Latitud
37.935590
Longitud
-4.054460
Distrito
Municipio
Ubicación en el mapa
POINT (-4.05446 37.93559)
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Datos de interés

Tourist area: Sierra Morena / Sierras de Andújar and Despeñacolos

Distance to the capital (km): 44

Altitude over sea level (m): 458

Extension (Km2): 158

Number of inhabitants: 5826

Gentillo: Arjoneros or Urgavonenses

Postal code: 23760

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Cultura

From its abundant and rich monumental heritage, we highlight:

 

  • Aljibe Almohade. It is built on the 13th century, work of the pillows and is the oldest building that is preserved in Arjona. It is in the noble area of the ancient alcaza of Aryuna, under what could be the Major Mosque. It is rectangular with 3 canyon vaults, supported on half-point arches that rise on Roman alabaster baseswhich supported Roman sculptures.
  • Church of Santa Maria del Alcázar. It is an isabelin-style temple (16th century) with a single ship and short-arms cruise. Located on a sacred place since ancient times (Roman remains, Visigoths and Muslims), it was built on the remains of the primitive Arab mosque. The church custody since 1843 the images of the patrons of the town: San Bonoso and San Maximiano, next to that of Santa Maria del Alcázar, who was also a patron of the city.
  • Sanctuary of the Saints and the Sagrada Reliquias. The sanctuary was erected during the bishopric of Moscoso and Sandoval to guard the alleged remains of the martyred saints Bonoso and Maximilian, found in this villa in the early 17th century, as well as the remains of more than 3,000 martyrs of the first Christians during the Roman era. He rose between 1617 and 1619 with stone from Santiago de Calatrava and, as John of Aranda and Salazar planned, who also worked in the cathedral of Jaén, two churches were overtaken. At the bottom a camera was billed to be seen from the outside, as a crypt, with access to the cemetery of the Saints. It has a polychrome plaster altarpiece, baroque decoration, which was not finished until the mid-19th century, tombstones with the stories of the martyrs and a silver cover. The upper part has its entrance from the Plaza de Santa María, by a cover of 1659, and its plant is of a single ship covered with canyon vault with lunetes and architrabed pilasters that hold half-point arches. The upper floor was intended to house the stone images of San Bonoso and San Maximiano, which were never placed. In the year 1843, with the Decriminalization of Mendizábal, the images are moved to the church of Santa Maria, and the relics of the martyrs to the upper floor. The lower floor is not functional. This space currently houses the Religious Museum of the parishes of Arjona, where much of the heritage of the fellowship, as well as ancient drawings and photographs are displayed.
  • Church of St. John the Baptist. Building that began to be built in the 16th century, although it was destroyed in the Civil War. His reconstruction was in the hands of Devastated regions which quite changed the plant, adding a more framed crunch over two towers. The inside is of a neo-Gothic style with a three-ship plant separated by pointed arches. Of its primitive construction only remains a cover, of silver style, which gives access to the interior of the temple that was carved by Juan Marquina in 1531. Next to imagining should be noted the sacred made thanks to the donations of gold and silver delivered by the parishioners in donations around 1950. Under the temple of St. John is the Rhipta del Baron de Velasco, covered by a dome made up of thousands of neoByzantine-style tesels.
  • Church of Our Lady of Carmen. It began to be built in 1898. A historical style, with a tarootic plant on its only central ship. Neobarroca on its stone cover, with tile for the image of its headline in curved front. The presbytery welcomes in its central altarpiece a magnificent image of the Virgin of Carmen. The Neomudéjar tower, slender and elegant, with brick and tile masonry.
  • Church of San Martín. It was built on the pillars of an old Roman temple. Its foundations are gothic, but the remodeling of the last centuries changed its physionomy. The tower was erected in the 16th century.
  • City hall and old town hall. The building takes a seat over the old San Miguel hospital. The most important is the room of the former mayor's office, a neo-Arab stay that evokes the palatine dependencies of the Alhambra of Granada and whose decorative elements were brought from the house-palace of the Baron of Velasco. Today it is used as a reception place for official visits and one of the main tourist claims.
  • Stone of desires. This enigmatic sphere, which in Arjona is popularly known as "La Piedra de los Deseos" or "Las Casualidades," was incorporated into the city of Arjona in 1995. Despite these "titles" with which the stone currently counts or is known, it is a bethyl or sacred stone. This type of "Sacred Stone," comes from an excavation that took place in the ancient Gothic Cathedral of Jaén, which reaches Arjona by the well-known writer Juan Eslava Galán.

 

Naturaleza

The lands of Arjona are soft lomas with moderate slopes that are mostly dedicated to agriculture, the cultivation of the olive tree being the most occupied area, followed by cereals. The forest area is non-existent and it is only possible to observe small spots of Mediterranean bushes in the rocky areas of difficult access, in the margins of the streams and in the godparents or liners.

In the term of Arjona we can distinguish three ecosystems: the olive tree, the banks of the streams with its riverside vegetation and the godparents or liners.

The olive tree: The olive tree has an important ecological function. To be the main ecosystemIt's the one that determines most of its fauna. In the old logs of the centenary olive trees find numerous refuge birds, mammals and reptiles. Its fruits are a food of great energy value that takes advantage of the species that live in the olive grove as well as those migratory birds that replenish forces for their long traverses. Among the species that live in a continuous way are: the green and the green in the months of spring and summer, and in winter the curled curled, the red petrored and the common zorzal.

Patrons and banks of the streams: The biodiversity of the olive tree increases when, along with it, streams and godparents or lines of Mediterraneanwhere the thick vegetation can develop: carrizos, telfas and tarajes. In this case the number of species increases, both of nesting species and greenhouses: sparrow, common pinzón, jilguero, nightingale, defeat, golondrin, lettuce, corneja... To the list of birds join others amphibians looking for moisture: common toad, green frog, salamander...Reptiles Like the ripple, stair, common lizard...Mammals Like the rabbit, hare, hedgehog, fox, badger...Fish have disappeared because of the pollution of the streams, especially the Salado stream, the most cuddly.

Arjona presents to the visitor as Balcony of the Jiennense countryside. As you walk through the historical ensemble it offers the visitor four viewpoints well-cared with panoramic views to the north and south of the Jiennense countryside.

 

Fiestas y Eventos

Among the local parties, we highlight:

  • Fiestas de los Santos Patronos: San Bonoso and San Maximiano. These are Arjona's most important parties. They are celebrated in honor of the patron saints San Bonoso and San Maximiano, which were given by the neighbouring city of Andújar in 1629. They are known by the name of "Festivals." They take place between 11 and 24 August, when day 21 the most important dayin which the procession of the images and relics of the saints takes place. These days take place different traditions who are kept alive from their origins: the repeat of the Campanica del turrón, the transfer of the Sagradas Reliquias to the church of Santa María (August 11), the Pesos to collect donations weighing people in a Roman, to then deliver the equivalent of its weight in wheat, the procession of the luminaire, the Burn of Daciano and, to finish, the transfer of the Sagradas Reliquias to its place of origin (August 22)
  • Real Fair. The old livestock fair that has been held since the 18th century has become the only party "Arjonera" which does not develop around a religious figure. It takes place around to 15 September, celebrating the closest weekend to the date, from Thursday to Sunday. Among other activities is an exhibition and sale of livestock, especially equine. But, above all, they are four days in which the neighbors enjoy four days where singing, dancing and gastronomy are the center of the celebration.
  • Feast of San Isidro. On the 15th of May, in honor of the farmers' pattern, a parade of carrots with tallying tools and cavalers is organized to accompany the saint during the procession. It ends with the blessing of the field on the New Paseo. In this day's vergena, the City invites the typical "singing": bread with olive oil, beans and cod.

 

Gastronomía

Among the most characteristic dishes of Arjona's gastronomy are the following:

  • Migas: The crumbs, Roulera crumbs or shepherd crumbs, they are a culinary preparation that has been common for people who are engaged in Spanish transhumanism, are made from pieces of the roasted bread miga accompanied by minced meat and vegetables.
  • Pipirrana: Also called pimpirrana or pirirach, is a salad whose basic ingredients are onion, tomato, green pepper and cucumber. Sometimes it is added cooked egg, some kind of fish, meat priet or even sausages.
  • Bake: They receive this name a number of food preparations that have in common that are made in the oven with fat bread mass. They are usually eaten from Carnivals until shortly after Easter.

It's often a kind of Empanada filled with butcher products: loin, ham, chorizo, etc., which are cooked together with the oven mass.

  • Gachas: It is a dish that is made by cooking oats or other cereals or vegetables in water, milk or a mixture of both. They usually serve hot in a bowl or dish.

In the pastry The following are highlighted: Biscoco de los Santos (is the traditional biscuit covered with ballast sugar), Chocolate millets, Sweet sephardi of nuts, orange and spices, Oil cake and Filled peppers. We must highlight the Christmas products produced by the firm Campos.

 

Historia

In Archaeological Museum of Arjona, opened in 2012, we can observe more than 3,000 pieces found at the end of the town and ranging from the fossil remains to pieces related to modern archaeology. Visiting this museum will be a extraordinary lesson of the History of Arjona and the different peoples and cultures that have passed through this town.

Of the three rooms that make up the museum the first of them is dedicated to the Prehistory, where we can find material remains of the Paleolithic, Neolithic, Calcolytic and the Age of Metals. Among these remains are: Protro-Bifaces to argaric arrows of the type "Palmeta," made at the time of the Metals.

We also find the reconstruction of a Paleolithic cave and a Neolithic cabin, they become the didactic bet of this first room.

In the second room, dedicated to history, shows us some epigraphic remains Iberians, Romans and Muslims. Another type of ceramic utensils are added, in glass and marble that make this room the most complete of the Museum.

Arjona corresponds to the old Urgavo or Urgao Alba, from Roman times. After Caesar's victory in Monda (year 45 BC), Urgabo received a privileged legal status for his support to the cesarian side, as well as Lliturgi, Isturgi and Obulco.

Important epigraphic remains have been found that demonstrate the importance of the city in the imperial high time, together with the existence of temples dedicated to Augustus and Plotina, wife of Trajano.

After the conquest Muslim becomes called Oal'at Aryuna, controlled by the family Bann Bayila. After the fall of the Califate of Córdoba, the city participated in the inner struggles of the period of taifles, a time when the walls are reinforced.

Here he was born in 1149, Mohamed ibn Yusuf ibn Nâzar, known by the name of Alhamar (the Red), first futureKing Nazarí of Granada. He was born in the alcázar where today the San Miguel hospital rises. It preserves the ruins of a medieval castle. With the Christian conquest carried out by Fernando III, In 1244, the city was besieged and destroyed.

In 1430, King John II gave it to D. Fabrique de Castro with the title of ducacy. Four years later it would be sold to the constable Mr Alvaro de Luna. In Year 1891Get it. the city title. The third of the rooms is dedicated to the illustrious characters of the History of Arjona: King Alhamar and Helvia Paulina. The room is covered with a collection of audiovisual services that aim to make known the history of the city of Arjona to the visitor. An excellent way to make the history of the city of Arjona known in a friendly and well-founded way.

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Andújar

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Descripción
Breve descripción

The city of Andújar is located at the foot of Sierra Morena, to the northwest of the province. Its municipal term is included in the Natural Park of the Sierra de Andújar, with half-mountain formations that contain a Mediterranean ecosystem, composed of masses of encinars, alcornoques, complaints, pineapples, oaks and bushes.

It is the most extensive and populated municipality of the region of La Campiña, on the banks of the Guadalquivir River, which divides the municipal term into two well-differentiated parts: one of Vega and countryside, to the south, and one of dehesas and Mediterranean forest in Sierra Morena, to the north.

Agriculture is very varied, with olive groves, although there are other crops such as cereals, legumes and cotton. It also has livestock and larger hunting that represent a significant economic income.

The city also stands out for a strong manufacturing presence: textile industries, concierges, ceramics... The construction activity, as well as small trade, occupy a significant number of people, although the latter, currently and due to the crisis, is resisting. In addition, the modernization and machining of the field makes it unable to absorb the group of unemployed.

Telecomunicaciones
Teléfono
953 504 959
Sitio web
www.andujar.es
Fax
953 508 207
Correo electrónico
turismodeandujar@andujar.es
Ubicación
Nombre
Andújar
Latitud
38.039610
Longitud
-4.054940
Distrito
Municipio
Ubicación en el mapa
POINT (-4.05494 38.03961)
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Datos de interés

Tourist area: Sierra Morena / Sierras de Andújar and Despeñacolos
Distance to the capital (km): 42
Altitude over sea level (m): 212
Extension (km ²): 964.9
Number of inhabitants: 36,793
Gentillo: Andujareños
Postal code: 23740

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Cultura

The city of Andújar continues to maintain a heritage set of great interest, for the quality of its monuments and for the diversity of artistic styles that can be appreciated.

We highlight some of them:

  • Church of Santa Maria la Mayor. The construction of the church Santa María la Mayor, of a basic plant, began in the 15th century and ended in the first quarter of the 17th century. Its pillars and vaults of the first stretch are Gothic and the rest of the sets of the second half of the 16th century. The plant is articulated in 3 ships of 4 sections each. Among his works of great value is the 16th century paving and two pictorial works, the Prayer in the Garden of the Greco Olives and the Immaculate of Giuseppe Cessari. It has 3 covers: Northern front, in the square of Santa Maria. Designed in the early 16th century, in purist style. South front, dedicated to San Pedro. It is from the second half of the 16th century, in the strictest purism. Foot cover. It belongs to the Herriian style, is characterized by its absence of ornate and the sobriety of its elements.
  • The chapel of the Christ of Agonyis connected to the church of Santa Maria. It is a Neogotic style, built between 1923 and 1925, by Rafael and Mª Elvira Pérez de Vargas (condes de la Quinteria). It is a private chapel conceived as a crypt of the counts. It has a single ship, organized in two sections, with nerve vaults, the header is decorated with five windows pointed with glass windows.
  • Church of San Miguel. It dates from the second half of the 15th century and is a Gothic temple, with a basic plant of three ships. The plant, wider than the sides, ends in polygonal header, while the sides are flat. The interior lacks its own luminosity by not having windows, one of the most characteristic elements. Of its covers, the one of the feet is of a plateresque style; the northern cover is in the transit between the Gothic and the Renaissance; the southern cover has a double conopial bow flanked by pinacles. The 16th century tower has undergone numerous reforms as it is damaged by the Lisbon earthquake.
  • Church of San Bartolomé.It is the first parish built to extramurus and later founded. In the initial project it is conceived as a three-ship gothic, articulated in five sections. From the different remodeling, there are signs: at the door of the sacristy the late Gothic (16th century) is observed, the primitive cross vaults are replaced by others of mannerist sensitivity. The tower, which is inconclusive, is from the 17th century and recalls that of San Miguel, is attributed to Francisco del Castillo, the Young. Of the three doors, the one that gives the runner of San Bartolomé is the most interesting. Its vanity integrates a bent bow pointed by another conopial with cardinals and flanked by pinacles.
  • Church of Santa Marina.Mosque in Muslim times and Christian temple since the village was taken by Fernando III, the Holy (1225). It is a temple of three ships articulated in four sections. Its main chapel was remodeled in the 17th century, with a square section covered with a half-orange vault on the breast, in which the arms shields of Pedro and Luis Pérez de Vargas Palomino, their patrons, are located. Its two covers are of great simplicity, being that of the feet, of baroque style, which presents a greater monumental. He ceased to be a parish in 1843 although he remained open to worship until the 1970s. It is currently used as a cultural space.
  • The Clock Tower.Mudéjar influence tower made in the time of Emperor Charles I (concluded on 20 August 1534). It was part of the royal prison and was conceived as a lookout to observe the village and the surrounding areas of the city. Head the square of Santa María, the heart of the medieval city. Its building is sober, based on alternating brick with stone armchairs. The almenas that kill the whole give it a strong tower air. Two elements stand out in this unique building: the Emperor's bicephalic shield and the beautiful silver-style watch that gives name to the tower. The towers of the church of Santa Maria, both the primitive and the modern, do not exceed the Clock tower in height, as a sign of the primacy of municipal civil power over religious power.
  • House of the Children of Don Gome.This single house of the Cárdenas and Valdivia is popularly known as "the Children of Don Gome," reference to the ten children who had the marriage and was built in the late 16th century. The Renaissance palace is built behind the Almohad wall and in the vicinity of the Sun gate. Torreada fachada built in late XVI and early XVII. Two elements of very different use make up the house of the Children of Don Gome, the house of the inhabitants and the cavalry. On the façade of the solariega house, built in a plane more advanced than that of the cavalry, stands out its portada- tower, built unlike the other elements of the whole in sandstone, in the second third of the 17th century, by Don Gome de Valdivia, Cárdenas and Guzmán and Dona Mayor Nicuesa, and that is in the Baroque style. The pillow cover is almost unnoticed by the exuberant decoration, two Indian-accent, repetitive heraldic, and a highlighted cornice, as more prominent elements. The Children's Palace of Don Gome is the venue of the courses of the University of Autumn. Inside is the Archaeological Museum Professor Sotomayor. The stables are preserved with part of the fish, a porticated courtyard and the winery. In the latter is the Casa del Alfarero, which includes the extensive and rich tradition of ceramics that has characterized this land.
  • Comedian house - town hall.The current town hall is located in the building that was built between 1620- 1631 for comedia house, which it maintained until 1680. In 1787, the Cabildo decided to move to it, as it had lost its old function. The fruit of this remodeling is its central body of neoclassical style and the beautiful staircase of "empire style." Three floors make up their beautiful façade: In the first one a portico and in the second one, a gallery as a lookout for the taurine celebrations of the time. The building is topped with an airy balustrada, articulated in pillars topped with pinacles. This facade has an Italian orientation and can be located within the most classical mannerism.
  • Roman bridge.Its construction dates back to the end of the second century and saves the Guadalquivir River. Built with sandstone armchairs of a seine or brown colour, it has fourteen eyes, of which the twelve on the right bank are of half-point arch and the other two scarves. Like the Merida bridge, it offers lightens or drains on pillars to facilitate the passage of water in the large rivals.
  • Basilica and Royal Sanctuary of Our Lady of the Head. Located in the heart of the Natural Park of the Sierra de Andújar, in the area known as the hill of the Cabezo, 32 km. north of the city of Andújar. The sanctuary is built between 1287 and 1304 and was reformed in the late 16th century. Since 1930 the trinitarians have served the cult in the sanctuary. The façade is made up of the door's vain, arco-sino balcony and two-body swordsman. The interior is a single ship covered with a barrel vault. The trinitarians community makes the enlargements of the two side buildings, leaving a harmonic set. In the very dependencies of the basilica is the Mariano Museum, where an important artistic, documentary and anthropological exhibition of the historical legacy has been developed through the centuries by devotion to the Virgin of the Head.
  • González Orea Museum of Plastic Arts.Located in the old convent of the Capuchino Mothers.
Naturaleza


Andújar, head of the region of the countryside of Jaén, with almost 965 km ² of area is the municipality with the largest extension of the province. The city is the third most populated in the province, with approximately 37,000 inhabitants.

Its municipal term is divided by the Guadalquivir River, with the Sierra de Andújar Natural Park in Sierra Morena in the north and the Vega and countryside in the south.

  • The Vega del Guadalquivir.The territory of the Vega del Guadalquivir is characterized by its very flat landscapes of irrigation, with intensive crops (oranges, lemoneros and orchards). The olive industry, textiles, wood furniture, crafts and ceramics are other sources of economic dynamism, along with the hotel, which takes advantage of natural tourism and its strategic location, right on the motorway of Andalusia.
  • Natural Park of the Sierra de Andújar.It focuses important landscape and wildlife attractions. It extends through the neighbouring municipalities of Villanueva de la Reina, Baños de la Encina and Marmolejo, occupying an area of 74,774 hectares. Agriculture is very varied and dominated by the olive tree, with livestock and major hunting as the predominant agricultural activities. The natural park, in the form of an almost perfect equilateral triangle, is a sample of the typical landscape of Sierra Morena. A large number of emblematic species find here their refuge between the Mediterranean mountain and the dehesas of the heart of the park, the steep northern saws and the dense southern pine trees. The most characteristic species are the oak and the cork in adherent form, while in the higher altitudes, where the humidity is higher, we find the complaint. From the hydrography of the park we highlight the river Jandula, tributary of the Guadalquivir, with numerous streams that will lead to it and that form numerous pools and lagoons. In the end of Andújar we will find numerous sites, trails and routes that will discover the beauty of this term, like the Juncillo path.
  • Junctile Path.Suggestive and easy 5.7 km road that travels a very representative space of Sierra Morena and this natural park. On the road A-6178, about nine kilometres from the Sanctuary of the Virgin of the Head, you reach a crossing with signs to Valdelagrana and Las Tapas, which is where the path begins. In it there are the dehesas on almost flat grounds and Mediterranean mountain stains, both populated by numerous animal species, including various birds, easily visible, or mammals, such as deer, boars, foxes or garduñas, difficult to see but whose traces we will find with some ease. The Madrona and Quintana saws, on the horizon behind these plains, evoke the many legends that these depopulated lands have inspired throughout history.
  • Visit center Viñas de Peñallana. The visitor center is located on the 13th kilometer of the road A-6177 that links the shrine of the Virgin of the Head with the town of Andújar, at the entrance of the natural park, where the visitor can find a first approach to the different environments of the environment, walk through a recreated Mediterranean forest where to identify plant species and their aromas or discover numerous emblematic endangered species that find refuge in these saws; it is the case of the Iberian wolf, the imperial eagle or the Iberian lince, the most threatened feline on the planet.
  • Environmental Park Cercado del Ciprés.It is located in the town of Andújar (past the Hospital Alto Guadalquivir). The Cercado del Ciprés Environmental Park has an area of 11 hectares on which there is an artificial lake and a stream. This complex represents the ecosystems of the Mediterranean forest and the typical river vegetation. It also has different recreational areas such as a bike lane, an aviary, rustic huts, wooden kiosks, lookout, pedestrian trails. In the main building, there is an information point that offers guidance for the visit to the Sierra de Andújar Natural Park. Next to the Cercado del Ciprés Environmental Park is the only Interpretation Centre of the Honey of all of Andalusia.

Recreational areas El Encinarejo, La Recta, El Jabali. These are traditional areas of leisure and recreation on the road that reaches the shrine of the Virgin of the Head. They have banks, barbecues, tables and containers, so they represent an excellent option to spend an outdoor day in the family.

  • In El Encinarejo, the characteristic vegetation is that of the forests of riverside, strawberries, allies, sardines, thelves and tarayes, which serve as a refuge to the representative fauna of this humid area, such as royal herons, zampullines, water cocks and, if we are lucky, some otter can be observed. Following the river bank you can reach the foot of the small, lake-like Encinarejo swamp dam. From El Encinarejo you can make several hiking routes, for example, being the starting point of the so-called Encinarejo path.
  • The Recreative Area The Straight, 2.7 km, is located on the left side of the road, on the banks of the Jandula River. From there a path is left for which you have to ask for authorization 15 days before.
  • In the El Jabali Recreative AreaOn some rocks there's a granite boar. Through it passes GR-48, which comes from the Encinarejo and reaches the Sanctuary. In addition, the El Jabali trail, of 3.2 km, is started.
Fiestas y Eventos


There are numerous parties and events held in the city of Andújar throughout the year, including the following:

  • Romeria de la Virgen de la Cabeza. It is the most outstanding party and has its origin in the first half of the 13th century. It is celebrated in the week of the last Sunday of April:

On Thursday a flower offering is made to the Virgin of the Head in the City Hall square.
Friday is the entrance to the cofradies of all of Spain on the Roman bridge.
On Saturday, people ride up on carts and horses to the sanctuary of the Virgin.
On Sunday, with the sanctuary full of Liturgypsies, they all want to see the mother of Sierra Morena, to process through the reels.
After four hours walking through the streets, the Virgin returns to her shrimp, when the rosemary return to their places of origin to wait for the rosemary of next year. It is declared a National Tourist Interest and Cultural Interest Fair.

  • Holy Week. It is considered the big week of the town, celebrated with great recollection and religiosity since ancient times. It highlights the artistic-cultural value of the dominating images of the different cofradies and hermandades that carry out their processions on the streets. The Old Holy Week begins on Palm Sunday with the Brotherhood of the Borriquilla, with the highest splendor being reached on Holy Thursday with Our Father Jesus of Great Power.
  • Patron party in honor of San Euphrassio. It is held on May 15. This saint, a disciple of the Apostle James, has become relevant to the city since 1597, when a relic of the saint was brought to Andújar. Since then, he has been his patron and is dedicated to worship and parties in his honor every year.

In addition, these other parties are held: Festival of the Candelaria (2 February), carnival, Cruces de Mayo, Feast of the Divine Pastor (16 July) and Santiago Apostle (25 July).

The following events also take place:

  • Anducab. Since 2004 the Morfológico-Functional Anducab competition has been held, which has been consolidated as one of the five most important competitions in Spain, scoring for the competition in the International Horse Hall (SICAB) that is held annually in Seville. The main objective of this fair is to offer the exhibition and sale of everything related to the world of the horse.
  • Iron and forge competition. This is a meeting of horseshoes from all over Spain in which they come together to show their skills in this modality, making "on-site" plastic horseshoes.
  • Agricultural Fair of Andalusia. Organized by the Jaén Farmers' Association, it is held for three days in October. It includes machinery and utility companies, institutional government stands and different products, such as honey, real jelly, sweets, etc.
  • On the horse from the rock rocks. These are days of coexistence in which a pilgrimage is made on horseback to the sanctuary of the Virgin of the Head. It brings together hundreds of horsemen who with their horses and mules run along the "old road" through the Natural Park to the sanctuary of the Virgin. These days are true "girl romaneries" that they carry out during the year different rosemary collectives.
  • Flamenco. It is a flamenco fashion walkway that takes place outdoors in the market square, unique heritage environment. It is attended by more than 10,000 people for four days (Friday afternoon, Saturday morning and afternoon and Sunday morning).
  • International Fair of Iberian Lince (FILYNX). The International Fair of Iberian Lince is a three-day tourism event for nature observation, with a special focus on Iberian lince, conservation tourism and ecotourism. Its first edition was in 2019.
Gastronomía


The gastronomy of Andújar is typical of the serrano villages. Everything revolves around a culinary jewel such as extra virgin olive oil, as well as the high variety of typical products of the earth. The hunting meat that provides us the natural environment of Andújar, attached to the vegetables of the rich land that irrigates the Guadalquivir River.

We can taste the following dishes:

  • Pipirrana: is a salad whose basic ingredients are onion, tomato, green pepper and cucumber. Sometimes it is added cooked egg, some kind of fish, meat priet or even sausages.
  • Andrajos: cooked in the broth of boiling minor game pieces with peppermint and a saffrito of vegetables and strips of flour made of jirones that take the name.
  • Ajoharina: A saffrito is made with tomato, onion, potato and eggplant. In the frying pan, dry red peppers are tasted, once toast is crushed in the mortar with cumins and salt. When everything is ready, water is added and at the end flour is to be weighed.
  • Mountain meat, preferably deer, which is cooked with potatoes and vegetables.
  • Flamenquin: which originated in Andújar. There is also a variant called flarosquin, or what is the same, flamenco with circular form.

In pastries we highlight: Holy Week panets, fried rosches, sigh and entangled.

Historia

Andújar is in a privileged situation because it is a crossroads of commercial routes and roads for the displacement of populations, that would explain the penetration of artistic and cultural influences from different backgrounds. The proximity of the Guadalquivir River will be an incentive to the settlements of the populations. The oldest remains found date from the Paleolithic, but it is in the Neolithic and first part of the Bronze Age that the population of the area is intensified, for its fertile land for the development of agriculture and mining in Sierra Morena. The first people to settle would be the Oretans, the Iberians who founded the ancient Isturgi in the place that today occupies the pedany of Los Villares de Andújar.

Everything indicates that it was a flourishing city during the Roman domain, linked to the production and marketing of the high-imperial ceramic (I-II centuries). At the end of Roman rule, the population moved to a nearby place, the current Andújar, losing the name of Isturgi with the arrival of the island.In the year 711, after the battle of Guadalete, the entire southern area of the peninsula would become al-Ándalus. Moving the population from Los Villares to the current Andújar.

In 1225, the city is conquered by Fernando III, the Holythe Christian troops of the orders of Santiago and Calatrava to settle in the city. The Muslim population leaves the cities of Andújar, Martos and Baeza, the first Christian inhabitants being settled.King Henry IV, in 1467, gives him the title of city. This would begin with a period of population growth and an increase in agricultural land, reaching 13,000 by the end of the 16th century. The population is mainly made up of farmers and farmers.

In 1808 he will be occupied by French troops, where General Dupont established his headquarters. From here he would send his troops to Bailén, a battle in which he would be defeated. During the Spanish civil war, Andújar was left on the Republican side, which meant that he was bombed by the Franco troops, causing death and resentment on both sides.

Today, the city of Andújar continues to have a part of its population occupied in the agricultural sector, it also has modern industries, and the tourism sector is making way to make known its rich artistic and natural heritage, which makes it able to face its future with optimism.

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Literatura

Discover San Juan de la Cruz and Miguel Hernández in Andújar.

A fascinating itinerary not to be missed.

Alcaudete

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722589
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Alcaudete is located at the foot of the Sierra Achillos, on the south-west end of the province of Jaén, in the region of the Sierra Sur. Its geographical location allows it to be half an hour from Jaén, less than an hour from Granada and Córdoba and two short hours from Malaga and Seville.

In Alcaute the story is breathed in all its corners. Its home is poured in the form of a ring on the hill side, embracing its two most important buildings: the Church of Santa Maria la Mayor and the Calatravo Castle, from which its rich olive lands and orchards are seen. It has three villages: La Bobadilla, Los Noguerones and El Sabariego, where the target of their houses stands out among the green olive tree.

The urban centre of medieval origin has an important architectural heritage since the villa has had a great expansion between the 16th and 18th centuries, building a large number of civil and religious buildings of many different styles, which embellish and embellish the streets of its historic town.

Its landscape is determined by strong slopes and areas of Vega around river courses, between the Guadalquivir countryside and the Subbetic Serras, which conditions the predominant type of crops: orchards and a "sea" of olive trees. In its term are the natural reserves of the Laguna Honda and La Laguna del Chinche, endemic complex of great ecological interest for the avifauna that inhabits it (evil, flamenco, anade real, squid...).

For its municipal term it runs the Green Way of Oil and is integrated into the route of "Castles and Battles," as well as the route of the Caliphate, belonging to the Andalusian Legate Routes.

Telecomunicaciones
Teléfono
953 560 000
Sitio web
www.alcaudete.es/index.php/es/
Correo electrónico
ayuntamiento@alcaudete.es
Ubicación
Nombre
Alcaudete
Latitud
37.590980
Longitud
-4.086670
Distrito
Municipio
Ubicación en el mapa
POINT (-4.08667 37.59098)
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Información adicional
Curiosidades

Plaza de Santa María, s/n (Junto Iglesia de Santa María la Mayor)
Tlf: 953 560 304 
E-mail: turismo@alcaudete.es

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Datos de interés

Tourist area: Sierra Sur and Campiña de Jaén
Distance to the capital (km): 48
Altitude over sea level (m): 676
Extension (Km2): 238
Number of inhabitants: 11015
Gentillo: Alcaudetés
Postal code: 23660

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Cultura

The urban centre of medieval origin has an important architectural heritage since the villa has had a great expansion between the 16th and 18th centuries, building a large number of civil and religious buildings of many different styles, which embellish and embellish the streets of its historic town.

  • Church of Santa Maria la Mayor. The temple of Santa María de Alcaudete is a faithful exponent of the plurality of aesthetic offers that characterize the Spanish art of the 16th century, which explains the coexistence in its plant of two spaces or defiant structures: a Gothic body of three ships and a major Renaissance chapel. In the preserved factory book, the intervention of Vandelvira around 1558 is mentioned, when a rostrum is commissioned by Bishop Diego Tavera. It is declared BIC (Good of Cultural Interest), published in the Gazette of June 4, 1931.
  • Church of the Incarnation or of Carmen.At present, the early convent of the Incarnation only remains the church known as the Church of Carmen. In its interior it houses images of great artistic importance, such as Our Father Jesus Nazarene, the Holy Inlay, a lying, articulated Christ possibly attributed to Joseph of Mora or St. Elijah, attributed to the famous sculptor Peter of Mena and currently the most important work of imagination of Alcaudete.
  • Church of St. Peter.The Parish Church of San Pedro was created on an ancient hermitage, in the new arrabals, as a result of the spectacular increase of the population that Alcaudete experienced from the 16th century. The author is the architect Francisco del Castillo, although he was finished by his collaborator Juan de la Monja in the second half of the 16th century. A simple exterior gives way to an interior of great beauty and harmony, which also reflects an atmosphere of austerity, accentuated by the outer counterstrengths of the walls of the silery.
  • Convent and Church of Santa Clara.The convent of Santa Clara belongs to the order of the clarisas, within the order of San Francisco. The convent is made up of a set of buildings that rise in the neighborhood of its own name, highlighting among all that of its church. In the province of Jaén is the only example of full cover in stone that exists, appearing overlaid on two floors The building is rectangular, drawer type. It can be placed on the border between the 16th and 17th centuries.
  • Cemetery and Chapel of Santa Catalina: Although the oldest reference is that of its chapel, dated 1511, as regards the municipal Cemetery, in 1807 it was built to extramuras of the villa, next to the hermitage of Santa Catalina, is considered one of the oldest in Spain, and surely in the province of Jaén. The Cemetery of Alcaudete, on the occasion of the third prize in the category "Best Cemetery of Spain as a whole" of the 3rd Cemetery Contest 2016 of the Cultural magazine Adios, is included in the Spanish Cemetery Route.
  • Castle-Palacio de Alcaudete. El Castillo- Palacio, declared a historic monument in 1985, defended the population and controlled the communication route that links Córdoba with Granada. It is one of the highest examples of the power that, in the Middle Ages, reached the Order of Calatrava, to which King Fernando III the Holy entrusted the protection of the western border of the kingdom of Jaen in front of the Nazari kingdom of Granada. The castle has a centre of interpretation dedicated to its historical evolution and, in particular, to the stage occupied by the nuns-warriors.

    The enclosure has three aljibes, on one of them, the one located next to the main door, is located the guard body, in charge of controlling access to the castle and connected directly with the adarve of the walls. In the southern area of the walled perimeter are the cavalry and above them, the capitular room. But, among all these buildings, in the center of the fortress and at the highest point of the hill, the spectacular Tower of Tribute, a symbol of the power of the Order, is prominent for its dimensions (22 meters high and walls up to three meters thick) and is practically inexorable for the difficulty of its access. In it, in addition to the aljibe and the warehouse to store the food, on the last floor, the residence of the planner was located.
Naturaleza

To the perfect comfort of a rich historical-cultural heritage and an extraordinary natural heritage. The visitor who approaches our city can enjoy beautiful walks in the heart of nature a few minutes away.

Surrounded by a mountain belt, Alcaudete is the ideal place to practice sports such as hiking or paragliding.

Within the municipal term of Alcaudete, there are two protected natural spaces: the natural reserve of the Lagoon del Chinche and Honda lagoon (natural, endorreic lagoons).

The highest heights located in the municipality are: the Sierra Ahillo with 1,455 m, Morron Redondo with 1,020 m, Morron Largo with 957 m, Cerro de los Santos with 831 m, Sierra de la Caracolera (de Codes) with 1,285 m, Sierra de San Pedro with 1,043 m, Caniles with 839 m, Torre Maestra with 812 m, Sierra Orbes with 787 m, Calvary with 688 m, Villodres with 615 m, Sierra Chircales with 1,205 m and Utrera with 979 m

In Alcaudete the aromatic plants are of great importance for their family use: (food condiments, sausages, etc.) These include: thyme, rosemary, fangs, etc. There are also another series of plants that are in a way profitable such as the oak (pig feeding); zarzals (white or red purple producers, which are very much appreciated fruits in Alcaudete); arbulagas (characterized by its large number of thorns, which makes it almost impossible to pass between them); the olive tree (species of olive whose fruit is olive, but in small size, and which is used as bait for the hunting of certain birds).

The most characteristic wild animals of Alcaudete are: the common badger, who live in almost all of the municipal term (Sierra Orbes, Ahillos, Chaparral, etc.), the hedgehog which is also common in all areas of Alcaudete and which is especially abundant in Los Noguerones, the montés cat, of which are increasingly less and less exemplary in Alcaudete, with an estimated 3 to 7 couples, most of them in the Sierra Achilos and some in the Sierra Orbes, being in extinction in the municipality. The hare that is found throughout the term Alcaudete. In addition to all the animals named in this section, it deserves special attention due to their low frequency, not only here but throughout Spain, the real eagles that are located in Alcaudete at certain times of the year, establishing themselves in the Sierra Achillos and the Sierra Orbes. There are also very small hawks in Alcaudete, but in greater numbers than eagles, because they are more extensive: Sierra Achillos, Sierra Orbes, Los Morrones, Sierra de Chircales, etc.

Víboras River. It is born in the urban centre of Fuensanta de Martos, having at the beginning the name of Arroyo de Fuensanta, to which other streams are joined, which, by thickening its waters, give it true character as a river.

San Juan River. It is born in the municipal term of the Castle of Locubin, although its birth is not very clear, it seems that it is born in the Gracia and Cerro Marroquí mountains, near Valdepeñas. It enters the Alcaudete border on the Alcalá bridge, continues on Saltobazos leaving the Ajos Tower and other places to its left.

Source Amuña. Its flow rate is very irregular, it has a very high flow rate with the rains and it decreases considerably in times of drought. The municipality for the public supply of Alcaudete, which had a private character, is part of this water source. Hence the importance of this source, which was a decisive factor in the establishment of Alcaudete in this area.

Fiestas y Eventos
  • Fruit fair: The hortellans of the region, present their best, melons, watermelons, pumpkins, apples, pears, tomatoes... and as not their excellent and odorous peaches, in all its varieties, to meet with some prizes, where the most important thing is to be winners. The participating fruits are exposed in a peculiar Fruit Exhibition. At night, on the 18th, the fruit is popularly auctioned.
  • Festivals through:will be held on Friday, Saturday and Sunday of the second week of July. The parties will take place mainly around the Calatravo Castle of Alcaudete. The parties begin with a pasacalles with gentlemen, comics, phonies, juclars, jugarists, acrobats, balancers... The Calvia Fiestas also have a prepondero, a market, tournaments, concerts and medieval dinners, theatrical and didactic visits for schoolchildren to the castle, and as they could not miss, musical performances. The weekend before the Mediaval party is the Medieval Viandas Fair where you can taste the most exquisite Medieval tapas irrigated with good wine and beer.
  • Real Fair:originally from cattle, which is held from 15 to 19 September in the incomparable framework of the Park of Our Lady De la Fuensanta, highlighting its day fair, as well as its horticultural region competition. Another local party is the celebration of Santiago and Santa Ana on July 25 and 26.
  • Romeria Virgen de la Fuensana.The night of the 14th to the 15th of August is celebrated "La Velada," a night rosary in honor of the Virgin, and at dawn is celebrated the "Mass of the dawn." The hortellans heard this mass earlier after having processed the Virgin for her gardens accompanied by torches, then beginning the rosemary.
  • Holy Week:where about thirty steps process associated with thirteen cofradies and with images like that of St. Elijah of the 17th century. It highlights the staging of liturgical steps, such as the passage of Abraham, the Sale of the Lord, Repentance of Judas, Good and Bad Thief, Veronica, Apostles, with texts dating back to the 13th century. A characteristic element is the Roman band parade.

Gastronomía
  • Typical dishes. Typical Alcaudete dishes are the bathrobe (potato salad, beans, eggplant and spices), the overbony (green beans with artichokes and spices) and the Easter potage (chickpeas with spinach and cod).
  • The orchard will cause:Products of its gardens are the artichokes, light green, tight, soft and juicy, which are prepared in the Alcaudete style, filled with a mass of bread, egg, parsley, minced meat and wine, and boiled with a sauce made with garlic, parsley and flour. They also highlight the very used green beans in the overbone and types of salad
  • Delicious desserts.The sweet tradition of the city, of long conventional tradition and decisive Arab influence, is manifested in two large companies Doña Jimena with its excellent line in chocolates and Mata with its famous Hojaldrinas, both also with the manufacture of Christmas sweets. Not in vain, Dean Mazas, at the end of the 18th century, glossed, in his "Portrait to the Natural," something as diverse as the sugar capers who used to eat on this land. These exquisite desserts, such as peaches that are usually accompanied by resol or risoli, herbal liquor that in its origin was prepared with the grass "ros solis," that is, dew of the sun, and that in its various varieties accompanied the desks of our Golden Century. It is usually prepared with spirits in which coffee, lemon, sugar and some herbs, such as chamomile, peppermint or mejana are made
Historia

In Alcaudete, the oldest population remains date from the Paleolithic and Neolithic, identifying themselves with camps in the nearby mountains. Its occupation dates back to the third century BC, as a result of the colonization carried out by the Iberians.
The romanization of the area is sufficiently demonstrated by the presence of dozens of rural settlements. At this time belongs the Paleocristic sarcophagus of the time of Constantine, of the 4th century, found in the gardens around the street Torres Ortega at the end of the 19th century and preserved today in the National Archaeological Museum.
The Muslims will call it hoss al-Qabdaq or al-Qibdaq, attached to the Cora de Ilbira (Granada), forming part of its defensive structure along with other castles and athalayas distributed throughout the territory. After the triumph of 'Abd al-Rahman III and the implementation of its policy of Islamization, Alcaudete became the head of an administrative district (Iqlim), under the supervision of officials representing the Omeya State, whose main task was the control of the territory and the tax collection of the region.
It was conquered in 1246 by Fernando III and given to the military order of Calatrava, becoming the most advanced point of the Christian border with the Nazari Kingdom of Granada. The Calatravos carried out profound reforms in the Almohade alcázar, not only to adapt it to the conventional life of the freires, but to enhance its unbeatable or unbeatable character.
In 1312, both the fortress and the villa become part of the realingo lands and since then very close to the family Fernández de Córdoba and Montemayor. Alcaudete became a Lordship in 1385 and later, in the 16th century, Charles V transformed him into a county.
The villa had a large expansion between the 16th and 18th centuries, building a large number of civil and religious buildings of many different styles, which embellish and embellish the streets of its historic town.

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Alcalá la Real

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Id
12459695
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Breve descripción

The noble and loyal city of Alcalá la Real, as stated in its title, is located to the south of the province, in the confluence with those of Córdoba and Granada, on a large plateau dominated by the hill of the Mota, in the center of a mountain region covered with olive groves.

At the foot of the famous fortress of the Mota and the surrounding walls, National Monument since 1931, the city of Alcalá la Real has been extended, with its urban structure of Arab origin, its paved streets with houses and full of surprises, master houses, churches and architectural details, samples of its splendor and its rich historical past. The church of Consolation, the church of Santo Domingo, the church of Our Lady of the Angustias, the church of St. John the Baptist, the Abacial palace, the town hall and the fountain of the Pilar of the Alamos are examples of this.

From the viewpoint of the Las Cruces district, the visitor can enjoy a magnificent view of Alcalá la Real and its old fortified city.

Telecomunicaciones
Teléfono
953 582 077
Sitio web
www.alcalalareal.es
Correo electrónico
turismo@alcalalareal.es
Ubicación
Nombre
Alcalá la Real
Latitud
37.461000
Longitud
-3.921900
Distrito
Municipio
Ubicación en el mapa
POINT (-3.9219 37.461)
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Curiosidades

Oficina de Información Turística Palacio Abacial: 953 582 077
Oficina de Información Turística Fortaleza de la Mota: 953 102 688

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Datos de interés

Tourist area: Sierra Sur and Campiña de Jaén

Distance to the capital (km): 71

Altitude over sea level (m): 918

Extension (Km2): 262

Number of inhabitants: 22524

Gentillo: Alcalai

Postal code: 23680

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Cultura


The extramurous expansion begins through Real Street and will replicate and build religious and civil buildings, including the Rosario and Veracruz churches, which together with San Francisco and the Alcalá gate are part of the missing heritage.

From the walk of the Alamos, with San Antón and the old convent of Capuchino, today Library and Municipal Archive, we began a tour of the Llanillo, a vertical axis from north to south that becomes the new stage of local life, whose heart is in the Compás de Consolación.

The modernist houses of the early 20th century, the Abacial Palace, the Convent of the Incarnation, the Angustias, the City Hall Square and the Houses of Enfronte are very elegant.
Today, Alcalá la Real is a cosmopolitan and hospitable town, of entrepreneurial neighbors who have known, respecting their past, to reach the 21st century with the elegance and humility of those who know of good crib.

  • Pilar of the Alamos. It is a Renaissance work, dated 1552, as seen in the legend of the frieze. It shows the frontis a great relief in which two tenants hold and keep the shield of the city, protected in turn by two fabulous hybrid wings, with lion head, dragon body and masked at the ends of the wings, which are related to the guard and defense of the city. The frontis is almond with ten malls. He took part in the work Francisco Florentin.
  • Church of the Angustias. It began construction in 1746, and was completed in the early 19th century. As a result, the Baroque and neoclassical styles occur. The vault and the main chapel, of a hexagonal plant, as well as the Neoclassical altarpieces and a meritorious collection of paintings from the 15th and 16th centuries, stand out. In his parish archive we find the baptismal games of Pablo de Rojas, Juan Martínez Montañés, Pedro de Raxis and Pep Ventura.
  • Trinidad. At the site of the ancient church and convent of the Trinity, founded in 1475, a multi-purpose building has been rebuilt that respects the typology of the existing space intended to be an exhibition and gastronomic center. In the entrance gardens remains of the former Muslim cemetery, the maqbara.
  • City Hall. The city palace is a baroque building of classical descent. It overcomes its cover, in red and black marbles, with the weapons of the city in a circle; the noble plant, with the royal shield of Philip V; and the upper gallery, which has in the key of its arches a series of masquerades alluding to the vices and capital sins. It is worth noting the watch, made by Fernando de Tapia, in 1803, with the originality of pointing out the lunar phases.
  • Abacial Palace. We could harmonically link it to an austere Baroque style, with some neoclassical contributions. It is a robust set on the outside, in which the bold alero and the monumental cover stand out. In the interior stands the enclosed courtyard, of rectangular floor, with three open bodies. It is currently the headquarters of the Elemental Conservatory of Music, Museum and Tourist Office.
  • Church of St. Anton. In front of the walk of the Alamos, the present church, built in the 18th century in the vicinity of a small chapel of the 16th century, rises. It is worth noting the perfection of its elliptical plant with brick vault and cover, with three bodies, next to which is opened a chapel to the outside where the Christ of Mercy is sold.
Fiestas y Eventos

Alcalá la Real maintains its traditions linked to agribusiness and religious parties.

  • Stop Christmas The slaughter of the pig has already been done, keeping many of its products in virgin olive oil: loin, ribs..., which fill the pantry for the time of collection of the olive.
  • In the CandelariaOn February 2, the Virgin of the Mercedes is processed, she is offered pigeons disguised as popular and meringue cakes that are then distributed among the attendees.
  • On 18 March the night of the drums, fires are lit in front of the hornacinas dedicated to the Patriarch San José in the altars of the streets Abad Palomino and Oteros.
  • Special emphasis is placed on the Holy Week, declared National Tourist Interest Festival, characterized by the mymic and ancestral representation of theatrical pregons that have their origin in the sacramental cars of the Baroque.
  • On 3 May the the day of the Cross, adorning the numerous crosses throughout the municipality and a verbena is held. And throughout the month the party of the flowersespecially in the villages.
  • Summer begins celebrating the fair girl for San Antonio (13 June) and the night of San Juanwith the burning of the witch in the church dedicated to the saint, the great moment being the Real San Mateo Fairheld from 20 to 25 September.
Gastronomía


Alkaline gastronomy is very linked to its traditions and parties. At Christmas we can see the pork butter and almonds, of course the products of the slaughter (morcilla, chorizo, salchichon...) and others preserved in olive oil (loin, ribs...).

In the Candelaria meringue cakes, and in Carnival the Fallen (mist of bread, meat and egg boiled in the pig's casing). At Easter, the sweets: pestins, wine roses, holy bones, rice and milk, papuecas...

In the summer the Alkali peas, meals among friends in the field to taste mainly a caldy rice or a secretary (tomato sauce, asparagus, mushrooms and chicken) and in autumn the membillo meat, the fig bread and the wine of the ground is prepared.

Historia


The finding of numerous archaeological remains attests to the presence of man in the area since prehistory. From the Roman era, numerous inscriptions have been found with the names of Ipopobulcola or Iliturgicola, which could have been the first names of Alcalá la Real. Among many remains found, we highlight a small marble sculpture that represents Hercules.

Under Muslim rule, in 713, we begin to have news of Alcalá, with the name Qal'at Astalir, becoming a fortified city on the top of the hill of the Mota. In the 11th century, it would be included in the kingdom of Granada. In the 12th century, he became an independent lordship under the mandate of the Banu Said family, this being the most splendid time in the Muslim history of Alcalá, which would begin to be known as Qal'at Banu Said, or Alcalá de Benzaide, for Christian sources.

The Christian conquest was carried out by King Alfonso XI in 1341. This one gives him the title of Real which he bears in his name and the privilege of founding a Royal Patronate Abbey. After the conquest of the city, Alcalá will play a very important role, as a border area, in taking over the kingdom of Granada.

The city title is granted by John II in 1432. King Henry IV gives him the title of "noble and loyal" and the Catholic Kings give him the title of "Key, guard and defence of the kingdoms of Castile."
After the reconquest of the kingdom of Granada, the mayors will leave behind the security of the walls of the fortress, which will gradually depopulation, occupying the eastern slope of the hill of the Mota to reach the plain and ascend the hill of Las Cruces, located opposite the first, and separated by the "Llanillo," name that refers to the topography of the land: a plain located between two hills.

The French occupation of the fortress city in 1810 and the subsequent withdrawal of the troops leaving this territory at the mercy of the flames of a fire, linked to the disappearance of the Abbey in the mid-19th century, will plunge this environment into an accelerated deterioration. For a few years now, important efforts have been made to rehabilitate this monumental space.

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Albanchez de Mágina

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Id
13774281
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A population located to the south of the province, between soft hills, olive fields and fruit. Its term belongs to the Natural Park of Sierra Magina, which is part of the Subbetica and offers beautiful and spectacular landscapes. In its municipal term is the highest elevation of the province of Jaén, the Pico Magina. In terms of vegetation, there are frequent cobblestones, complaints, carrasco pine and salgareño. Its rich and varied fauna is also important.

Albanchez de Mágina (formerly called Albanchez de Ubeda until 2000) is a municipality in the region of Sierra Magina, in the province of Jaén, Andalusia. Most of the municipal term, as well as the urban core, are within the Sierra Magina Natural Park. In its municipal term is located the highest elevation of the province of Jaén, the Pico Magina, with 2,167 meters of altitude.

Access to the town is made on the A-320 road, with a detour in the population of Jimena on the J-3105 road or from Torres on the Port of Aznaitín (JA-1107). Distance from Jaén, 40 km., Ubeda and Baeza at 35 km., Cazorla at 55 km. and Granada 117 km.

Telecomunicaciones
Teléfono
953 347 009
Sitio web
www.albanchezdemagina.es
Correo electrónico
ayuntalbanchezdemagina@hotmail.com
Ubicación
Nombre
Albanchez de Mágina
Latitud
37.791990
Longitud
-3.467870
Distrito
Ubicación en el mapa
POINT (-3.46787 37.79199)
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Datos de interés

Tourist area: Sierra Magina

Distance to the capital: 45

Altitude over sea level (m): 862

Extension (Km2): 39

Number of inhabitants: 1228

Gentillo: Albanchecinos

Postal code: 23538

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Cultura
  • Castle.The castle of Albanchez de Mágina dominates and presides the village, which is located on the first ridge of the Sierra de los Castillejos. Despite its small dimensions and its inner narrows, its arriseach position makes it extremely difficult to access. Of presumably Christian origin, its construction was made with argamasa and it had to rise late, in the Middle Ages, in the early 14th century, as an alternative to another Muslim castle from which there are only remains, built with tapial in the lower and closer to the people. The castle was linked to the Order of Santiago, which created the command of Bedmar and Albanchez.

    What is preserved from it is its alcazarejo, built with masonry, which consists of two small, impressive nuclei because of its exterior appearance and the closing of the rock on which it sits, but with little internal capacity to house troops and beings. The highest core is a narrow rectangular platform that enables a small interior space. The entrance opens to the terrace of a rectangular floor turret that housed two cameras: one top, covered with a half-barrel vault, now melted, and one lower, a aljibe, with slightly pointed vault and remains of the stucco that covered it.

    The castle also had a small courtyard of triangular weapons with almond parapet and saetera windows, a square terrace with albarrana to defend over the cliff, protective walls, today practically destroyed, and rounded corners outside as it was a calatravo castle. It was declared Good Cultural Interest in 1985.
  • Church of the Assumption. The parish church of Albanchez de Magina, a Renaissance church, has the dignity of simplicity and austerity in both design and execution. On the north wall is identified a sober facade with a half-point arch, the key of which is marked by a mensula, and which supports imposts on jambas. The cover is topped by an internment. Its interior structure is marked by three ships, the largest being the central, which also stands out hierarchical in the outer volumetric because it has a higher height. The inner spaces are separated by columns and semi-columns crowned with Tuscan capitals. Its presbytery is flat and covered by a half-barrel vault.
  • Watch tower. XXXTorreon century square floor built with masonry. It is topped by a bell tower of cast iron structure built in 1883.
  • Source of the seven years. Pilar abrevadero with front of armchairs, and public laundry, example of traditional rural architecture related to the use of water for the consumption and irrigation of gardens, which possibly goes back to the 16th century. View with excellent views over the garden, olive and saw landscape.
  • Silk source. Source and public laundry that gives name to the area where the bushes were grown. The production and trade of silk, introduced by Muslims, was one of the economic bases of Albanchez until the 18th century.
Naturaleza

  • Source of the Espino. It is a water birth located in the middle of the Mediterranean mountain, with geological and vegetable formations of high natural value.
  • The Boiler of Uncle Wolf and the left-handed.It is a set of river pods and a waterfall inside a cave, all in a very mountainous environment.
  • The Serrezuela and the Port of the Aznaitin.Mountain area with stunning landscape views of the region.
  • Hutar site. Natural site at the birth of the Hútar Arroyo, located 2 km. of the town. Recreational area with barbecues, bar- restaurant, swimming pool and sports court, between springs and abundant vegetation. The waters of Hútar have historically been used for irrigation and as a driving force for the flour mills in Albanchez.
  • The Caño del Aguaderon area. Water birth at 1,800 meters of altitude in a high mountain environment. Area of pastures traditionally dedicated to pasture, so the fountains, pilares- abrevadero and huts or pastor's cabins abound. The altitude of the saw allows the presence of birds that nedify above 1,500 meters, such as the Red Roquer, the Grey Collalba and the Royal Eagle.
  • The Turcal. Geological formation with an abrupt relief of slices and rocky florings containing so-called algal bowls or fossils from the seabed 16 million years ago.
  • Path of Great Tour GR (E4)that crosses the province of Jaén runs through the term of Albanchez.
  • The Dehesa. The site is located in the place where the first limestone rocky outings of the base of Mount Aznaitín, which has a high landscape value, appear. In 2003, ten Escalada Days were opened which with different degrees of difficulty are a great opportunity to encourage and / or practice this sport.

Fiestas y Eventos

  • The Festival of the Candelaria on February 2, also known as Rosca Day. During the Mass there are a few thistles that are spread among the attendees. It is considered that those who take them are protected from the diseases of the throat and stomach.
  • In Albanchez, the habit of overthrowing the mozzas remains. The bordes are the fruit of the enea. They are collected during the summer and stored in the house chambers, in the straits, to dry. The Carnival Sunday They are taken out to throw them at the girls. When peeling them, they take off a white and melosous fuzz that adheres to the hair and clothes. It is said that the more a girl is loved, the more bordered she must throw her suitor in her face, so that that day the streets of the village will be carpeted with the annoying hairchair, in so curious "demonstration" of love.
  • The day 3 of May with the procession of Rosario de Los Hachones the employers' parties of San Francisco de Paulaheld from 3 to 6 May. The participants go through the streets carrying hashons or teas made with spartum and fish. At the passage of the procession, four luminaires, large laces of wood and olive branches, are put on, to which salt is cast to grow and prevent the passage of the comitiva. The light of the hashons and luminaries in the darkness of the night recalls the dawn of the Aurora, in a ritual that synthesizes the character of fire as a magical-symbolic element and the Christian tradition of prayer of the Rosary.
  • Procession in honour of San Francisco de Paula on May 4, Albanchez pattern, crop protector and rain propitiator. During the journey the neighbors cast wheat, from the balconies, on the paths of the throne, as a symbol of thanks for the given and begging harvest for the coming.
  • The night of San Juan a tradition related to falling in love is celebrated. The moors place the hangings on the doors of the mores, with different meaning depending on the type of ornament: the flowers are proof of affection, the branches of fig tree mean that the moose is a little locuel, the parra's sarment indicates that they have seen it drink wine, and a cardo, that its character is hard.
  • The day 1 August the day of the gazhaswhere in most houses the August gazhas are eaten, made with flour, water, pepper and tomato. It is popular belief that eating the hot gaches in the middle of summer, the heat will be kept throughout the winter, especially during the olive collection. In the collection of the olive that is cold is that it has not eaten the gazhas of August 1. At present, there is a competition on that day for the production of gachas in the Natural Area of Hútar, during a holiday and the coexistence of all those who do not want to spend the winter cold.

Gastronomía


Its gastronomy of Moorish origin is rich and varied, preserving the peculiarity of possessing the only Maize stew which can be taken throughout the province of Jaén. It is a summer dish where the corn grains, once crushed in the mortar, will give body to a broth made from a saffrito of peppers, beans, tomato and fresh guindilla, which will then be cooked with pepper, saffron, cumin, garlic and salt.

Another of the traditional Czech Albanian dishes is called flakes, which are only a variant of the rags with hare, in which the mass is threaded laboriously to form small pieces of the size of the swollen corn, accompanied by orchard products such as green peppers, potatoes, eggplants and beans.

The heritage of the Andalusian gastronomy is present in much of the recipes and culinary habits that are preserved in Albanchez, such as the rye, made with lamb blood, and consumed in all relevant celebrations, the bordullos and the peas of corn and wheat. In the chapter of sweets, the almondmade of ground almond, egg, cinnamon, sugar and lemon scraping.

For dessert, the flakes, which can be taken with sugar and cinnamon or honey; or the not less almond almonds, delicious conjunction of meringue, sugar and almonds passed through the oven. Unforgivable as dessert of the traditional weddings of old was the refreshing melon saladand as dessert or snack of the autumn evenings the no less traditional weddings, so called to the pitancero sponsales of a dry fig, preserved in flour, and a piece of walnut, almond or peeled acorn that is placed inside.

Historia

The oldest news in the history of Albanchez is found in the Cueva de los Skeletos, in the The Fuckers' place. It was discovered in the 19th century by peasants. It was the finding of several skeletons, sitting in semicircle and armed with arrows, whose tips were acute pedernals, with knives and spears also of pedernal. The researchers have identified him with a multiple burial of the Age of the Bronze. In the municipal term, several treasuries of coins and several inscriptions have been found, of which some researchers have deduced the existence of a buried Roman city, Campanjana.

The urban core of Albanchez must have originated between the 7th and 9th centuries, when the peasant population used the rock, under which the people lie, to seek refuge. By the 11th century the wall of the population would be built, which was then above the current one. From this primitive fortification remain the remains of a square tower.

After the Spanish conquest the castle was built on the rock, although it is difficult to specify who built it, for during the middle age Albanchez belonged to various lords, although above all it belonged to the Order of Santiagor. In 1309 Fernando IV grants the villa to this Order of Santiago, which created the Bedmar and Albanchezwhose presence lasted, at intervals, until the 19th century. From the news in the leagues we know that he belonged to the Lordship of Jodar, until in 1338 Ruy Fernández He sold it to the Ubeda Council for 1,500 maravedis. Albanchez was dependent on Bedmar until the infant Enrique de Aragón the villa was made independent by privilege given in Valladolid on 18 November 1419, later confirmed by other kings.

After the reconquest there was a demographic increase supported by the repopulation measures and movements, the development of an economy of a marked agricultural character and the raising of partridges and pigeons and goats, lanar and cattle. The economic decline of the state in the 17th century accentuates this situation in Albanchez due to its subsistence economy. The fact that it is evidenced by the state of ruin that the castle had at this time or the sinking of the roof of the parish temple.

The 18th and first half of the 19th century meant a shy attempt to recover. This is demonstrated by the reconstruction of the church giving rise to the current one. Another of the most significant facts is the definitive disappearance of the Enabling to the heat of measures such as the Demortization of Mendizábal in 1836.

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Sacred Capilla de El Salvador del Mundo

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Id
915681
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In the case of El Salvador de Úbeda, and previously in the Royal Chapel of Granada, the approach from the foundations is essentially funerary. Don Francisco de los Cobos and his wife, Doña María de Mendoza, in an absolutely novel way, conceived a free-standing building for their burial and that of their descendants, which in itself guarantees the importance and high social and economic rank achieved by Cobos, a second-rate Ubetense nobleman who came to hold, after a meteoric career, the most trusted administrative positions in the Court of Emperor Charles V. To carry out such an important project in his hometown, Cobos obtained from Pope Paul III, on February 2, 1535, a bull to erect a temple-pantheon to which the chaplaincies and privileges granted in 1525 were transferred to build a funerary chapel in the parish of Santo Tomás, located very close to the family palace-house. As in other building projects, the person in charge of carrying out the plan was Dean Ortega. The chosen place was a large plot of land near the Hospital de los Honrados Viejos del Salvador and the aforementioned family palace, sumptuously renovated and expanded. After acquiring various plots of land from individuals and the aforementioned Hospital, Cobos agreed with the famous Burgos architect, Diego de Siloé, working in Granada on the construction of the Cathedral, for his ambitious project. Siloé undertook, among other things, to provide the conditions and drawing of the plant. In 1536 the works were finished by Andrés de Vandelvira and Alonso Ruiz, who had to follow at all times the instructions drawn up by Siloé, published by Don Manuel Gómez Moreno. In 1539 Cobos ordered the suspension of the works, being advised by his relative, also royal secretary Juan Vázquez de Molina, on the convenience of transferring the construction of the sacred chapel to his manor of Sabiote. In 1540 they resumed, with Andrés de Vandelvira and Alonso Ruiz once again leading them. In this second contract, other works are required, such as the main façade, which must follow the model drawn by Siloé in the Forgiveness of the Cathedral of Granada, and the lateral ones, and Vandelvira is also in charge of the design of a new sacristy, an essential piece within the whole of the sacred chapel. The floor plan is made up of a nave with late Gothic vaults with coffered chapels and a main chapel in the shape of a rotunda with coffered ceilings flanked by two beautiful vaults, one under the tower, the other giving access to the sacristy. This articulation had already been experimented by León Battista Alberti for the funerary temple of Sigismundo Malatesta in the Italian city of Rimini. Ultimately, the circle refers us to the Pantheon of Rome and the Santo Sepulcro de Jerusalén, the nave, for its part, responds to the demands of the cult. In the sacristy, which is accessed through a beautiful angled door, Vandelvira shows his extraordinary knowledge, as in the rest of his works, of the technique of stone cutting; Its rectangular floor plan is divided into three modules covered with hollow vaults (very Vandelvirian), with large arches placed on the walls, like niches, to house the drawers, framed by Sibyls and Prophets of excellent carving, due to the French sculptor Esteban Jamete. The great façade, which presides over the east side of the monumental Plaza de Santa María, is structured like a great triumphal arch; The upper one shows us the Transfiguration of Jesus on Mount Tabor, a motif also repeated in the main altarpiece, the lower one - due to the hand of Esteban Jamete - is more complete and deeper and in it are inserted, among many other motifs, scenes from both the Old Testament (Fall of the Manna and the Veneration of the Bronze Serpent) and the pagan world (Planets, from the intrados of the large central arch), but there is also abundant Plateresque carving. Flanking this large doorway are two buttresses of Gothic tradition, featuring two of the seven labors of Hercules. (The fight against the centaurs and the bulls of Geryon). To the sides of them are two stands and below them on bases the shields of Don Francisco de los Cobos and Doña María de Mendoza supported by warriors and matrons, respectively. At the ends rise two graceful circular turrets decorated with plateresque elements. The emblems of the founders are inserted repetitively, both inside and outside The side covers are due to Andrés de Vandelvira; the southern one, like an altarpiece, with scenes from the Old and New Testament; The south, with delicate Plateresque work and the typical Vandelvirian composition of a triumphal arch, is dedicated to Santiago, patron saint of Spain. A monumental bell tower, located on the Epistle side, completes this superb complex with a high symbolic value, present both architecturally and decoratively. Ultimately everything was designed to eternalize its founders. Andrés de Vandelvira, somewhat subject at first to the instructions of Diego de Siloé, appears much more personal to us as a result of the second contract of 1540, his great creative capacity emerging in the wonderful sacristy with its entrance door, but also in many other architectural elements. In El Salvador, the desires for immortality sought by his mentor, Don Francisco de los Cobos, have been united with the architectural and sculptural quality fostered by great artists of the Renaissance: Diego de Siloé, Andrés de Vandelvira and Esteban Jamete. The church was consecrated in 1559. An inscription on one of the pillars of the nave remembers it: "This Holy Church was consecrated by the Most Reverend Don Diego Tavera, of good memory, bishop of Jaén. Sunday, October 8, 1539. Presiding in the chair of San Pedro, Pius the fourth and Philip II of this name reigning in Spain." But what really links this temple to the figure of Muñoz Molina is its façade, where the representation of the “juancaballos” is carved, mythical creatures from the Sierra de Mágina that the author rescues to echo the phenomena and legends typical of rural spaces. The author, although the real image chiseled on the façade is from Greek mythology, Hercules fighting a Centaur, to give greater emphasis to the local history, deploys a story that enhances the real possibility of its existence in the characters of the novel. “The proof that the juancaballos existed […] was, carved in stone, on the façade of the Church of the Savior, […], so that, if they had been sculpted in such a sacred place, next to the statues of the saints and under the relief of the Transfiguration of the Lord, my grandfather smilingly argued, one would have to be quite a heretic not to believe in them…” Antonio Muñoz Molina. The Polish Horseman. OTHER NON-ARCHITECTURAL ARTISTIC MANIFESTATIONS Don Francisco de los Cobos and his wife, Mrs. María de Mendoza, endowed the Sacred Chapel with a rich movable heritage, increased by her descendants the Marquises of Camarasa. Little of that valuable treasure has come from the last heirs of the Camarasa. Of the abundant goldwork still kept in the sacristy, we highlight a late-Gothic gilt silver chalice from the end of the 15th century that, according to tradition, was given by Emperor Charles V to Cobos, a Venetian-style reliquary chest (15th century) and the cluster and barrel of a processional cross (disappeared), the work of the Toledo silversmith Francisco Martínez, carved in 1542; Also there is the reliquary bust of Santa Aurelia (16th century), carved in polychrome wood, and an ivory Christ (17th century). Of the excellent pictorial collection treasured by Cobos, nothing remains in the Chapel, since even the pieces not destroyed in 1936 such as the Pieta (16th century), by Sebastián del Piombo, a Calvary (16th century) and a penitent Magdalene are currently deposited in the Casa de Pilatos. To alleviate these important losses, the Medinaceli Foundation has hung a replica of the aforementioned Pieta in one of the chapels of the nave. Only certain remains could be saved from the famous San Juanito, a sculpture sculpted in Carrara marble, which according to traditional and recent historiography is attributed to the great Michelangelo. In 1563, the image was deposited in the Sabiote castle, Cobos manor. The large altarpiece of the High Altar, partially destroyed in 1936, represents - under an 18th century duster - the Transfiguration of Jesus on Mount Tabor, traditionally attributed to Alonso de Berruguete; The complex was restored by the sculptor José Luis Vassallo. In the four niches that flank the altarpiece, the Evangelists are preserved, carved around 1634 by the Ubetense sculptor Pedro de Zayas, which are completed above with those by San Pedro y San Pablo, works from the 18th century. Part of the old upper ashlar masonry (16th century), carved by Blas Briñón according to the conditions of Andrés de Vandelvira, and the lower one (18th century) are preserved. Interesting are the collateral baroque altarpieces of the main chapel. The large grille, which separates the central space or rotunda from the rest of the nave, sits on the marble capitals of the patio of the nearby palace of Cobos and is one of the most relevant examples of Spanish ironwork, its execution being attributed to Francisco Martínez and Francisco de Villalpando; It is dated 1555, the year of consecration of this splendid funerary temple.
Breve descripción
Declared an Asset of Cultural Interest on June 3, 1931. In the Renaissance, together with the castle and the palace, the building destined for eternal rest was cared for with great attention by the monarchy, the nobility and the high ecclesiastical dignities. The funerary space could occupy an already built chapel or be manufactured in a cathedral, church or any other religious building not built expressly for this purpose.
Ubicación
Código Postal
23400
Latitud
38.007990
Longitud
-3.366760
Dirección
Plaza Vázquez de Molina
Municipio
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POINT (-3.36676 38.00799)
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Horario
Monday to Saturday: 10:00 - 14:00 and 16:00 - 18:30. Sundays: 11:15 - 14:00 and 16:00 - 18:30. Worship: Monday to Saturday 6:30 p.m., Sundays 10:30 a.m.
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Ruins of the Church of Santo Domingo de Silos

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Id
913023
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Se produce entonces el primer ensanche urbano de la población, que rompe longitudinalmente hacia el Suroeste con su antigua estructura amurallada. A lo largo de este eje se levantan el Pósito, sede del Ayuntamiento, y la iglesia de Ntra. Sra. de la Concepción, parroquia en pie hasta 1955, año en el que sobre ella se construyó la actual, perdiendo la población una de las dos parroquias históricas que tuvo en el pasado.

La otra parroquia se alza ruinosa dentro del recinto bajo de la fortaleza, configurando con ella y la espléndida naturaleza de la Sierra que la enmarca uno de los lugares más bellos de la provincia de Jaén. Este segundo templo, dedicado a Santo Domingo, es fruto del empeño de uno de los hombres más influyentes en la España de Carlos I, el famoso y prepotente secretario Francisco de los Cobos, que consiguió hacerse con el señorío del Adelantamiento en 1534, permaneciendo bajo la administración y control de sus descendientes, los Marqueses de Camarasa, hasta el año 1606, fecha en la que es recuperado por el Arzobispado de Toledo, propietario del amplio señorío desde el siglo XIII. Durante este período se construiría la que Rus Puerta califica como Iglesia Mayor.

Pero este monumental templo presentaba cierto abandono y ruina en el siglo XVIII. En el Catastro del Marqués de la Ensenada, de 1751, se relata así el estado en que se encontraba: “(...) lo que causa mayor dolor es ver la fábrica de la parroquial mayor de Santo Domingo de Silos por acabar, siendo esta bastante decente, y por los muchos hostigos y tejados con los que hoy se halla, por no estar perfeccionada padece el continuo detrimento de tan continuos gastos para poder conservarse (...)”.

La Guerra de la Independencia provocó su total ruina, pues fue incendiada, como Santa María, de Cazorla, el 4 de julio de 1810 por las tropas francesas. Posteriormente fue usado como Cementerio hasta mediados del siglo XX, quedando aún visibles los restos de esta ocupación. Paseando por las ruinas de Santo Domingo de Silos podemos acercarnos a uno de los episodios de la historia de estas sierras menos conocido. Poco sabemos sobre lo sucedido entre 1808 y 1812 en unas zonas muy alejadas de las ciudades ocupadas por los franceses. ¿Por qué incendiarían los franceses un edificio como la iglesia de Santo Domingo de Silos? Está claro que en una zona tan inaccesible, la presencia de los invasores franceses era bastante puntual.

Al mismo tiempo se ha constatado que aprovechando la geografía del terreno muchos guerrilleros se escondieron de los invasores en esta zona. Sabemos que ningún pueblo acogió de buena gana el gobierno de José I. Por el contrario, se organizaron juntas de defensas en las capitales de partido para hacer frente a los franceses.

En muchos pueblos se hicieron algunas obras de fortificación y quizá esta fue la última vez en la que se volvió a utilizar el castillo de Segura de la Sierra con fines militares. La respuesta francesa fue siempre la misma y consistió en el saqueo y destrucción de todos los elementos del poder en los pueblos. Normalmente se incendiaba el ayuntamiento con el objetivo de destruir toda la documentación del archivo y paralizar administrativamente el gobierno local. Otro objetivo eran las iglesias para destruir libros de bautismos y de defunciones, aunque la destrucción de las iglesias tenía también un componente psicológico pues se destruía un refugio para la población y al mismo tiempo el último recurso que los vecinos tenían en una situación de este tipo, el acudir a la iglesia a rezar para implorar la ayuda divina.

Por otra parte, según Vicente Salvatierra parece muy posible que la primitiva iglesia pudo estar en el mismo emplazamiento que la de Santo Domingo, al pie del castillo. En opinión de Luis Magaña, Rodrigo de Gibaja, maestro cantero ligado al Arzobispado de Toledo y responsable de las fábricas de la Colegial de Baeza y de la iglesia de Puebla de Don Fabrique, en tierras granadinas, tuvo a su cargo las obras de las iglesias de Santa María, en Quesada, y de Santo Domingo de La Iruela. También se ha documentado la participación del cantero cazorleño Gabriel de Tauste. No hay constancia documental de la intervención de Andrés de Vandelvira, pero es muy probable que diera las trazas a instancias de Francisco de los Cobos en torno al año 1534, encargándose de la ejecución Gibaja y Tauste, entre otros maestros canteros.

Chueca Goitia, comparando los restos de las iglesias de Santa María, de Cazorla, con la de La Iruela, estima que esta “Es de arte más pobre y tosco, como realizado por maestros locales siguiendo, seguramente, inspiraciones vandelvirescas”. En cualquier caso, ambas fábricas se están levantando paralelamente, dilatándose más en el tiempo la de Cazorla. De aquel monumental templo solo restan parte de los muros perimetrales, las portadas de acceso, la escalera de caracol para acceder a la torre de campanas, las capillas mayor y colaterales y una monumental portada en el lado del Evangelio con un relieve en el que se representa el milagro de la imposición de la casulla a San Ildefonso. La planta era de tres naves y la cabecera plana y destacada.

Determinados rasgos decorativos, la traza de las portadas de acceso y, sobre todo, la composición del alzado de los muros del crucero o primer gran tramo, articulado por un gran arco de medio punto en la parte alta y dos capillas en la baja separadas entre sí por una pilastra con una hornacina avenerada, son claramente vandelvirianos. En la catedral de Jaén o en San Isidoro de Úbeda, Andrés de Vandelvira incorporó monumentalmente esta composición, ejecutada con mayor sencillez en el caso de La Iruela.

Breve descripción

Monument included in the Historical-Artistic Set. Uncooked 01 / 04 / 85. The 16th century was a time of great economic development for the people of Alto Guadalquivir, which led to important urban and architectural interventions. In the villa of La Iruela, as in Cazorla, head of the advance, certain works were planned and carried out throughout that centuria that enhanced and modified its powerful medieval image, determined by its imposing strength.

Telecomunicaciones
Sitio web
www.lairuela.es/el-municipio/patrimonio-historico.html
Teléfono de contacto
953 720 712
Ubicación
Código Postal
23476
Latitud
37.920330
Longitud
-2.990450
Dirección
Cuesta Santo Domingo, s/n
Municipio
Ubicación en el mapa
POINT (-2.99045 37.92033)
Tipos de punto de interés
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Iglesia Santo Domingo de Silos
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Iglesia Santo Domingo de Silos
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Iglesia Santo Domingo de Silos
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Imágenes cabecera
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Modelo 3D
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