The origin of the municipality can be traced back to the Prehistory, since in the vicinity have been found stone axes polish.

Although it is in the Roman era that the first stable populations appear in the area of the spa, as shown by the location of mosaics and a hydraulic work of the same time.

The current enclave has its origin in the Arab era. The settlement of the Banu Kinana tribe was produced in this territory around 750. Everything seems to indicate that the name of Canena comes from the name of this tribe.

1226 will definitely be conquered by King Fernando III the Holy as it advances to the lands of the Jaen countryside. After the conquest, he was handed over to the district of Baeza; shortly after, King Alfonso X would hand over these conquered lands to the military orders of Santiago and Calatrava; finally, in 1302, Fernando IV took it to the Order of Calatrava and gave it to the city of Ubeda.

At the end of the 15th century Sancho de Benavides took over from Canena in the context of his dispute over the Calatrava de Canena and began the construction of a castle, without real permission, and with the subsequent complaints of Baeza to the Catholic Kings, who had prohibited new fortresses in the territory to put an end to the struggles between the nobility sides.

In 1538 Don Francisco de los Cobos, secretary of the Emperor Charles V and great patron of the Renaissance in Ubeda and its region, buys the village of Canena. And it will be he who transformed the ruins of a castle into a sumptuous palace, whose path and direction of works were in Andrés de Vandelvira.

From then on, the town became part of an extensive Lordship of the Marquesado de Camarasa until well into the 20th century.

The image of the municipality in the 19th century was marked by the imprint of one for the care in the labour of the crops and by the presence of a property distributed from the Military Orders that exploited them in the form of a colonate, and thus would remain well into the 20th century.

The main crops were olive trees, cereal, vineyards and also orchard.

The oldest testimonies of the territory of Cambil are located in the tunnel of Saint Lucia, where they were found Bronze Age burial (II millennium BC)

From the year 182 to. C. The romanization of this region begins. They've been found. sarcophages, remains of columns and capitals in Arbuniel.

The core of Cambil takes on importance from Islamic domination and is already cited in the 12th century (Qanbil). It was divided into two small villages separated by the river and protected by two small castles to ensure its defence.

The town will be definitely taken from the Nazarian Kingdom in the year 1485 by the Catholic Kings, with the help of six thousand men who arrived from Jaén and the first use of artillery. In thanks to this help, the Catholic Kings determined that Camil would become part of the Jaén Council.

He will be King Philip II, in 1558who emancipates Cambil from the tutelage of Jaen and orders that the lands of Arbuniel be added.

In 1676 the segregation of Cambil of the population of Carchelejo including Carchel and Cazalla (today, Cárcheles).

And it will be in 1862 when it is incorporated to Change the territory of Mata Bejid, which until then had been under Jaén's jurisdiction.

Already in the 20th century, with the proclamation of the 2nd Republic and the beginning of the Civil War, Cambil is occupied by the Republican side, being bombed by Jaén and its surroundings by the "Legion Condor."

In the 1960s, Cambil, like the other populations of Sierra Mágina, suffered from emigration from many of its people to the industrial centres and large cities of Spain and Central Europe.

For some remains of joules found in the caves of La Liota and the Barranco de la Sima, in the Sierra Cruzada, we have to assume that the first inhabitants of these lands were associated with Traveller populations dedicated to grazing.

The villages corresponding to the age of the Copper and Bronze, which would be located in the Kangilones, Montosa head and Barranco mill, they would be located along the stream "Royo" which below will be called Salado.

These lands were part of the passing area that connected the southern Mediterranean coasts to those of the East (Levante), an important reason for human presence in these places. The finding of metal idols confirms the existence of Iberian populations.

As well as the finding of coins or a Roman mill, tombs, and even suspicions of the existence of a necropolis, are compelling evidence of the presence of the Roman people.

From the Visigoda era we know the finding of what has been called the "treasurer," which was a currency with the inscription "Chisdasvinto Rex."

As far as Muslim domination is concerned, we have little information on the early stages. We know that Fernando III the Holy takes the villa in 1245And it shall be King Alfonso X the Wise, who will give it to him, together with Santiesteban, to the city of Ubeda.

With the conquest of Granada the instability on this border disappears and Carlos V orders the Council of Ubeda to repopulate the site of the CabrillaThat's the name of the population then. In 1545 there would be the arrival of the first 50 neighbours, and a little later another 100 would arrive. The new rotated and sown lands of cereal begin to bear fruit and it is noted that the demographic increase is noticeable, by the end of the 16th century the town already had 600 inhabitants. The construction of the church of Santa Ana begins, under the title of Our Lady of the O.
A few years later, without the reasons being clear, the construction of a second church begins, Our Lady of Expectation, the present parish.

The 17th century will be the aura period for the town of Cabrillas. During this century, forestry (pastures, shrubs...) is moved to rotate these lands and grow them from cereal, with the resulting increase in production.

And to this modification in cultivation we must add the arrival of the image of the Christ of Burgos, a fact that would change life in this villa. On January 19, the feast of San Sebastián, of 1637, a bartender that carried the belongings of the Guadix Corridor in two mules loses the burden because of a temporary, with the exception of a canvas with the copy of the image of the Christ of Burgos. The waitress where the bartender, who was crippled with one arm, took refuge, healed by just touching the image. The miracle spread through the area and soon the devotees of the most diverse localities came to pray before the image.

A fact that meant changing the name of "Cabrilla" for "Cabra of the Holy Christ".
There were so many gains that the church that it was decided to extend the church by its header. The big house is set up on these very dates, the town increases its number of inhabitants and a glass factory is created, which, together with the craft with the spartum, decide to carry the objects produced by the people to sell them.

The arrival of in 1899 it was a new push for the increase of the population, with jobs in the construction of the roads and in the construction of the new houses in the town, reaching the 6,741 inhabitants.

The times of bad crops, as well as the industrialization in the manufacture of objects such as glass or spartum, and the post-war years, they assumed the exodus to the great cities for many of the inhabitants, thus the population began to decline to the present 1800.

From Iberian times are the remains of a fortification, near the station of Begíjar, in which the typical painted ceramic was recorded. In the Roman stage there was an intense human occupation of the territory by agricultural holdings, type of villa, including Piedra Hincada, the Vega del Bishop, Las Delicias or the House of Beautiful Love.

During the Islamic domination it was named Buxexat and must have passed to Fernando III by 1226, at the same time as Baeza. From this moment on, he will have, for some periods, an extremely agitated life, as it was disputed by the council of the city of Baeza and the bishops of Jaén, eager to take on the income that produced their rich lands. Initially, Fernando III left it attached to Baeza, as a land of realingo.

Shortly after that, the king himself gave land to the Order of Calatrava, which Alfonso X confirmed in 1254. He also gave another part of the land to the bishopric of Toledo. But the great change happened in 1249 when he gave the whole population to the Bishop of Jaén.

A century later, the population was in the hands of Enrique Enríquez, a major advance of the border. Alfonso XI decided to recover it and return it to Baeza. In the 15th century Bishop Don Rodrigo de Narváez took over the castle and incorporated it into the possessions of the diocese, despite the protests of the council of Baeza. In this context Begíjar will be seen to be undisturbed in the struggles between the nobility and Henry IV. In this struggle the Bishops and Baeza, on the same side, would turn the town into an advanced bastion against the capital of Jaén controlled by the Constable Luke of Iranzo. The dispute over this town culminated in the recognition by the Catholic Kings in 1477 of the property to the bishop. The bishops maintained the property of the castle until the 19th century, making it one of their main residences. In 1779 Charles III granted him the title of a villa, thus being definitely disconnected from Baeza.

The final Iberian period belongs to the Battle between the Carthaginians of Asdrúbal and the Romans of Scipion, delivered in 208 a. C. in a place called "Baécula," which some historians have identified with Bailén.

The origin of the present Bailén is in the foundation of the Visigodo Monastery, which according to Rus de la Puerta and Ximena Jurado, would be the origin of the castle, turning the church into a mosque, and attributing its construction to the Omaya period, between 976 and 1002.

After the conquest of Fernando III in 1127, several are the occasions on which their lands are mentioned during the long process of the conquest of this area; thus, in the 12th century, it appears that it was donated in 1156 by Alfonso VII to be repopulated to Abdelazis de Baeza; then in 1157, it is again mentioned as a fortress not far from Baeza, to whose jurisdiction it belonged to the Alphoz of this area, appearing as one of its parishes in the relationship of 1311. Once again it appears when it was besieged in 1172, appearing on both occasions under the name of Baly; in the chronicle of the Conquista by Almería by Alfonso VII it appears under the name of Bealim, so it is likely that close to these two forms is the name used in Arabic.

Alfonso XI sold it in 1349 to Pedro Ponce de León, lord of Marchena, for 140,000 Maravedis. In 1481 it would pass to the Montemayor, and in the 16th century it would be the family to which it will belong until the 19th century.

The main event in his history is the Battle of July 19, 1808the first great defeat in the open field of Napoleon's troops, when the French army of General Dupont faced the Spanish troops of General Castaños. The victory led to a series of honors for Bailén, granting him the Central Supreme Board in 1809 the title "Very Noble and Leal," a distinction that Fernando VII ratified in 1813. In 1850, he received the title "City" by Elizabeth II, providing that all cities with more than 10,000 inhabitants should name "Bailén" as one of its three most important streets. Special mention is worth the Historical recreation of the Battle of Bailénwhich was first held in October 2005, an aperitif and an essay of the great celebration prepared with illusion throughout the town of the Bicentennial of the Battle of 1808.

Atalaya over the Guadalquivir valley, its alcázar assured the Spanish rear in the constant threat of the Islamic kingdoms located to the west and south of Guadalquivir.

Baeza is now known for its olive production, its abundant monumental legacy (declared World Heritage by Unesco in 2003) and for hosting the International University of Andalusia.

Its main economic activity is agriculture, linked to the olive and the olive industry, although monumental tourism has developed the activity of the hotel.

Its churches, palaces and towers are a monumental set in which the different architectural styles take place, although the Renaissance and the Gothic isabelin are of particular importance. From its rich architectural heritage, it stands out the cathedral (16th century), the church of Santa Cruz (13th century), the convent of San Francisco, the City Hall and the church of San Andrés, all of the 16th century.

In short, the historic centre of Baeza is one of the most important monumental ensembles of the world renaissance.

Culture

To understand today's Baeza, we have to go back to the first inhabitants who settled in the place known as the Alcázar hill, in the Bronze Age, evolving to the Iberian city Viatia or Vivatia, passing to the Roman era, when Biatia was one of the most important cities.

It would be the Muslims who made up the city's murary limits, some of which were remade in the 16th century. After the Christian conquest the epoch of splendor of Baeza begins. The new Christian Baeza begins to grow out of the world, where religious buildings are the most representative.

• The Cathedral. It is the most representative building in the square. In this enclave there could have been a Roman temple, over which Muslims raise a mosque and, in 1227, under the Marian advocation of the "Nativity", the cathedralicia headquarters is erected. In the 16th century, a reform is carried out, which will be the one that prints the Vandelvirian Renaissance seal to the building. The cover was drawn in 1587 by Juan Bautista Villalpando with "relief of the Nativity of the Virgin." The base of the tower is believed to be the mosque's miner, adding in time of Vandelvira the body of the bells and the deck.
• Church of Santa Cruz. This work dates from 13th century, of late Romanesque style and preserved after the Christian conquest. The exterior is austere, highlighting its two covers with half-point arquivolts. The interior consists of three ships.
• Ruins of the convent of San Francisco(extracamides). This work could have been one of the most important of the Andalusian Renaissance, but a number of misfortunes have prevented it, among these, the Lisbon earthquake of 1775 that brought down the vault of the major chapel. In this funeral and conventual complex, Vandelvira developed all its genius. The Latin cross church, which is accessed by a half-point arch that frames the entire cover, still remains with the relief of San Francisco and a tondo with the Virgin, which now give way to a large auditorium.
• Old House of Correction and Prison, current City Hall(extracamides). It was built in 1520 as a prison at the request of Charles I. Since 1867 it has been home to the City Council. It is composed of the prison, with a more sober cover on which Justice and Charity are represented, and the house of the corridor with rich silver decoration. On the upper floor we find tripartite balconies with the shields of Philip II, the corridor and the city. It is topped with cornice decorated with membranes highlighted with figures. The Salon de Plenos has a Renaissance potter (horizontal and intertwined wooden ceiling) from the convent of San Antonio.
• Church of St. Andrew. Building from the early 16th century, which held the title of a schoolgirl from 1764 to 1852. The silver-style cover, next to the square tower, stands out. The interior is a large main ship made up of arches pointed with side chapels.
• Jabalfifth Palace.In front of the church of Santa Cruz, the Jabalfifth palace, one of the highest exponents of the isabelin Gothic style, was built in the late 15th century. The isabelin Gothic We find it on the outside, with decoration based on diamond tips, pineapple nails, fronts, florons, ties, pinacles, mocaronas and heraldic shields. The facade it is overcome with five arches of half-point Renaissance period, as well as the courtyard of the late 16th century. Today it is the seat of the Antonio Machado International University.
• The St. Mary's Square, Baezan monumental heart, concentrates the largest number of monuments: the cathedral, the conistorial houses, the fountain of Saint Mary; the seminary of St. Philip Neri, with its picturesque facade plagued with cheers, current headquarters of the International University of Andalusia or the house-palace of Rubin de Ceballos, behind the cathedral.
• The Populo Square, framed by the door of Jaén and the arch of Villalar, is one of the most emblematic squares of the city, where we find the plateresque cover building of the old Escribanías, today the headquarters of the tourist office of the Junta de Andalucía, the old Carnicerías and the source of the Lions in the center.
   

Nature

Baeza is located in a dominant place in the region of the Loma and on the right bank of the Guadalquivir River. The city is located on three hills and the small valley that remain in the middle, in a rather high position over the Guadalquivir valley, a situation conducive to being a very important square in ancient times. It is surrounded by the Guadalquivir rivers to the south and Guadalimar to the north.

A site that as we walk through the walls allows us to contemplate the immense sea of olive trees that is presented to us all around us. From the sights of this walk, you can see the beautiful picture of the Guadalquivir valley, the extensive olive trees, the Cazorla saw, the Segura and Sierra Mágina saw, with the villages of Jimena, Mancha Real, Bedmar and Garciez in the distance.

The predominant vegetation is the olive tree, but next to the river and the lagoon Grande we find what we call the gallery forest: white, mimberas, tarais, black, and other species of bushes. A vegetation that with the change of the seasons draw a color brush in the landscape, especially in the autumn season.

The fauna of the town is the one of the Jienese countryside: hares, rabbits, deer, foxes, parrots, quail... They are also easy to see the storks and a wide variety of prey birds. Without forgetting the fauna that lives next to the river line and in the vicinity of the lagoon Grande.

The absence of non-agricultural land reduces areas of natural interest to the river margins and to the wetlands of the Great Lagoon with a special ecological interest.

• Laguna Grande: This permanent lagoon that suffers significant level fluctuations, is fed from the Torres River through irrigation channels. Precisely for maintaining water during summers, this wetland is particularly important for waterbirds, it is an ideal place for food and shelter. Around the water, in addition to the vegetation of carrizos, spadañas and juncos stands out the presence of tarajes, alamos, fresnos and zarzas, where there is plenty of the visitor and I shelter the fauna of the place, among which we can mention: common fence, real anade or common porron, highlighting the fly bird, where we can see the nests of this small bird, hanging from the trees of this natural place. The locals of both the Bishop's Bridge and Baeza are willing to visit this beautiful natural site.

Celebrations and Events

Among the parties with the most roots among the neighbors of Baeza, we highlight:

• La Candelariaon February 2. On the eve of the feast of the Holy One celebrates the Candelaria, typical of the blessing of the donuts of Saint Blas, protector of the throat, in the parish of El Salvador.
• Holy Week. Between Andalusian and Spanish, the Holy Week of Baeza, declared of National Tourist Interest, stands out for the artistic richness of its steps. About 20 cofradies process through its streets and squares, in this jewel of the Andalusian Renaissance. Its creation dates back to the 16th century, when the co-fradia of the Vera Cruz, one of the oldest in Andalusia and Spain, emerged. One of the most beautiful moments of Baezan Holy Week, occurs on the morning of Good Friday, with the departure of the fellowship of Our Father Jesus Nazarene and the Cross of St. Helena, better known by the name "El Paso"; when the Nazarene Christ gives the blessing to his mother, through an articulated mechanism, when the images are crossed.
• May CrossesMay 1. In different plazoletas and neighborhoods of the old town, altars are covered with the only theme of the exaltation of the Holy Cross.
• Annual city fair. It is celebrated on August 15, the feast of its patron saint, Santa María del Alcázar.
• Romeria de la Yedra. It is celebrated around the feast of the Nativity of the Virgin (8 September).
• The Yedra, a pastry of Baeza, located 7 km. to the north of this, and where there is the Marian sanctuary of Our Lady of the Rosel and the Holy Christ of the Yedra. The Romeria itself is celebrated on Saturday day 7, the day when the Virgin travels through the city of Baeza and goes back to her shrine of La Yedra, accompanied by horses, carriages, reels and carrots, all covered with flowers.
• Corpus Christi. With reminiscent of the 15th and 16th centuries. Procedural custody is certainly the goldsmiths of the city.

The annual calendar of celebrations is completed with the festivities of San Isidro Labrador, the pattern of farmers, Saint Christopher, pattern of the driving industry,Our Lady of Carmen and Council parties of Baeza in honor of San Andrés.

Gastronomy

The gastronomic culture is based on its history and geography. In many of its dishes you can find cultivated influences of Roman, Jewish, Islamic, Moorish and Mudejar cuisine.

The traditional cuisine is merged with the seasons and with the festivities, as well as the basic raw materials of the earth and all irrigated with the liquid gold of the olive fields of Baeza.

Among the indigenous dishes are:

• The orza loin. It is a typical dish of the slaughter, which is used as a preservative, frying the fresh back on a slow heat in its own butter to which different spices, nails, cinnamon, pepper... are added... and then introduced into the orza. It is also done with the chorizos of the slaughter and thus are preserved all winter.
• Cod to the baezan. In a saffrito of onion, tomato, peas and roasted peppers made from strips, you will add the already fried cod.
• Pipirrana. In which peppers, tomatoes, garlic, onions and olive oil are used. A refreshing dish that can't be missed in summer.
• Andrajos. Red pepper, green pepper, onion, garlic, laurel, olive oil, pepper, white wine, vegetables and hare or rabbit. All flavoured with peppermint. For the dough, flour and water.
• "Sick-cooked"or" dizzy chickpeas, "a dish that tries to take advantage of the remains of another meal. In a pan with oil we chopped onion and added the chickpeas, which when mixed with the spoon are broken. It is added fried tomato and eggs that are mixed and cut.
• "Eyes." or "Masoil". It consists of a bread of extra virgin oil, pepper and anise. The name comes from being the eighth part of the mass of a bread.

Warehouse:

• Virolos, typical pebbles.
• Butter cakes with nuts.
• Torrijas, a way to take advantage of the bread left over.
• Fried milk: It's about bounced and fried milk.
• Papajotes, It's a frying pan. A mass of fried flour and bounced with sugar and cinnamon.
• Oil ice cream, with milk, sugar, egg yolks and oil ingredients.

History

It's in the Copper age, 3rd millennium BC, when they appear the first villages. Most of them were walled and their economy was based on agriculture and livestock.

In the Iberian period, 7th century BC, the hill of the Alcázar is considered a consolidated town.

During the 2nd and 1st centuries BC, in full Roman Empire, appears in several sources as Vivatia or Biatia. It acquires great importance due to its location, as it is a mandatory step on the commercial route Catulo - Málaga.

The territory of Biatia would be occupied in the second decade of the eighth century by Muslim troops. This time the city is known as Bayyasa.

Christian kings will take the city and lose it again on several occasions. But it will be Fernando III "the Holy One" who finally conquered it in 1227, and considered it as a bridge head in the reconquest of Al-Andalus, for this reason it is given to the city of privileges and a court, the "Fuero de Cuenca."

The presence of the Catholic Church is restored, establishing in Baeza the episcopal seat in the 13th century. From this date on, the most important religious and conventual orders were present in the city.

It will be in the 16th century when Baeza reaches its maximum architectural splendor with the foundation of the University, among other public buildings of interest. The apogee will continue in the 17th century, is the century of the greatest conventional apogee.

The 18th century will be of decline. With the war of Baeza Independence, he suffers considerable human and economic losses. Excessive demands and contributions would also help. The deamortization of Mendizábal, which brought the disappearance of the convents, was very remarkable.

The mainly agricultural economy, increases production and increases the area dedicated to olive trees to the detriment of other arable crops.

In 1966Baeza was declared "Historical-Artistic Set", which was a take-off in tourism services, increased by the Declaration in 2003 by UNESCO, in Baeza as World Heritage.

University tradition is recovering with headquarters Antonio Machado of the International University of Andalusia.
 

Although Arroyo del Ojanco is a newly founded town - its current population core dates back to the end of the XXth century - there have always been villages from the oldest age living in its area of influence. In fact, there are remains of the Stone and Iberian Age in the surroundings, but the most important are those of the Roman villa of Los Baños.

With the arrival of the Arabs this one disappeared, with towers left on both sides of the stream of this name. During the 19th century, he was called in different ways and also with the "Sales" appeal, as well as Arroyo de los Ancos. Even in the early 20th century it is sometimes named as the Sales of the Camposina, at the same time as Arroyo del Ojanco.

From 1950 onwards the segregationist movement of Beas de Segura began, to which it has been united until 2001.

Although the birth of this municipality is linked to the Sierra Morena colonization project, launched by Charles III in the 18th century, this foundation was made on another settlement of remote origins. The oldest documents in which the town of Arquillos is mentioned date from 1254, in which Alfonso X the Sage gives the village to Baeza for protection and defence. On another document, in which the king grants Ubeda the villages of Cabra and Santiesteban, and indicates that he had taken Arquillos to this city to deliver it to Baeza, it follows that the village would have at least one Islamic origin. In the 13th century it was occupied by Fernando III and handed over to the Council of Ubeda.

The belonging to the Arcipregamiento de Baeza still attests to the Ximena Jurado in its 1852 Anals. Arquillos, located on the county gate, forced passage on the roads from Granada to Cuenca and Valencia to Sevilla, met from ancient times the conditions for the settlement of a population based on agricultural and livestock development. For the same reason it is not surprising that he was chosen by the superintendent Pablo de Olavide for the location of one of the colonisation cores, whom he had the desire to call Campomia, although he did not finally succeed.

This project of colonization of Sierra Morena in the 18th century was a great urbanizing company that saw the creation of forty-four towns and eleven cities in Yermos places of the Parrilla and Sierra Morena. It was intended to both populate and plant semi-desertic areas, and to make the journey Cadiz- Madrid for travellers and goods safer.

The territory was ordered according to a preconceived plan and the new villages and villages were designed a priori following the classicist patterns that prevailed at the time. One of the places that have best maintained this urbanism is Arquillos, a route in damer, governed by principles of symmetry, uniformity and order, with a varied set of squares and with the civic and religious center on the western edge, next to the crossing of roads. Arquillos was a long time dependent on Santiesteban from the Port until, in 1833, Queen Elizabeth II granted her independence for having given, ten years earlier, to General Riego, a symbol of revolutionary liberalism, refugee there in the last insurrection.

In Archaeological Museum of Arjona, opened in 2012, we can observe more than 3,000 pieces found at the end of the town and ranging from the fossil remains to pieces related to modern archaeology. Visiting this museum will be a extraordinary lesson of the History of Arjona and the different peoples and cultures that have passed through this town.

Of the three rooms that make up the museum the first of them is dedicated to the Prehistory, where we can find material remains of the Paleolithic, Neolithic, Calcolytic and the Age of Metals. Among these remains are: Protro-Bifaces to argaric arrows of the type "Palmeta," made at the time of the Metals.

We also find the reconstruction of a Paleolithic cave and a Neolithic cabin, they become the didactic bet of this first room.

In the second room, dedicated to history, shows us some epigraphic remains Iberians, Romans and Muslims. Another type of ceramic utensils are added, in glass and marble that make this room the most complete of the Museum.

Arjona corresponds to the old Urgavo or Urgao Alba, from Roman times. After Caesar's victory in Monda (year 45 BC), Urgabo received a privileged legal status for his support to the cesarian side, as well as Lliturgi, Isturgi and Obulco.

Important epigraphic remains have been found that demonstrate the importance of the city in the imperial high time, together with the existence of temples dedicated to Augustus and Plotina, wife of Trajano.

After the conquest Muslim becomes called Oal'at Aryuna, controlled by the family Bann Bayila. After the fall of the Califate of Córdoba, the city participated in the inner struggles of the period of taifles, a time when the walls are reinforced.

Here he was born in 1149, Mohamed ibn Yusuf ibn Nâzar, known by the name of Alhamar (the Red), first futureKing Nazarí of Granada. He was born in the alcázar where today the San Miguel hospital rises. It preserves the ruins of a medieval castle. With the Christian conquest carried out by Fernando III, In 1244, the city was besieged and destroyed.

In 1430, King John II gave it to D. Fabrique de Castro with the title of ducacy. Four years later it would be sold to the constable Mr Alvaro de Luna. In Year 1891Get it. the city title. The third of the rooms is dedicated to the illustrious characters of the History of Arjona: King Alhamar and Helvia Paulina. The room is covered with a collection of audiovisual services that aim to make known the history of the city of Arjona to the visitor. An excellent way to make the history of the city of Arjona known in a friendly and well-founded way.

In Alcaudete, the oldest population remains date from the Paleolithic and Neolithic, identifying themselves with camps in the nearby mountains. Its occupation dates back to the third century BC, as a result of the colonization carried out by the Iberians.
The romanization of the area is sufficiently demonstrated by the presence of dozens of rural settlements. At this time belongs the Paleocristic sarcophagus of the time of Constantine, of the 4th century, found in the gardens around the street Torres Ortega at the end of the 19th century and preserved today in the National Archaeological Museum.
The Muslims will call it hoss al-Qabdaq or al-Qibdaq, attached to the Cora de Ilbira (Granada), forming part of its defensive structure along with other castles and athalayas distributed throughout the territory. After the triumph of 'Abd al-Rahman III and the implementation of its policy of Islamization, Alcaudete became the head of an administrative district (Iqlim), under the supervision of officials representing the Omeya State, whose main task was the control of the territory and the tax collection of the region.
It was conquered in 1246 by Fernando III and given to the military order of Calatrava, becoming the most advanced point of the Christian border with the Nazari Kingdom of Granada. The Calatravos carried out profound reforms in the Almohade alcázar, not only to adapt it to the conventional life of the freires, but to enhance its unbeatable or unbeatable character.
In 1312, both the fortress and the villa become part of the realingo lands and since then very close to the family Fernández de Córdoba and Montemayor. Alcaudete became a Lordship in 1385 and later, in the 16th century, Charles V transformed him into a county.
The villa had a large expansion between the 16th and 18th centuries, building a large number of civil and religious buildings of many different styles, which embellish and embellish the streets of its historic town.